Introduction to the Cinerama process by Lowell Thomas. Shots include visual representation of morse code as circular patterns. Thomas speaks about the Cinerama process. Thomas explains various art and how motion was trying to be captured in painting and other works of art. Lowell shows the ""Magic Lantern"" and slides created by Kirhcer in the 17th century. Lowell shows off ""Deguerreotype"" images. Lowell talks about Peter Mark Roget and shows a spinning card demostrating the idea of motion in images by spinning the two sided card. The Zoetrope is explained and demonstrated. Mathew Brady photos shown of the Civil War. Leland Stanford and Muybridge photos of horse galloping. Photos of Thomas Edison and George Eastman, Lowell talks about Kodak film and Edison. First motion picture studio photo ""The Black Mariah"". Scene from Edison's film with May Irwin and John Rice. Photo of the ""Penny Arcade"". Scene of a woman undressing, 5th Avenue, the Easter Parade. Shots of New York City, Horse drawn fire engine, early newsreel, Spanish American War soldiers marching in New York City. First feature film in a Nickelodean. Selections from ""The Great Train Robbery"" . Valentino and Vilma Banky scene from an early film including shots of sword fighting. Lowell explains the Cinerama films.

HOMAGE TO EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE

Muybridge -style footage of running horse.

b&w documentary on the development of the motion picture camera - photograph of Eadweard Muybridge, model of setup used for 24 camera in classic horse movement photos by Muybridge, the Muybridge horse photos, drawings of E. J. Marey's other attempts to photograph movement, w/s house pan left to workshop, re-enactment of Marey's camera the Chronophotograph shooting horse and rider, c/u camera lens, c/u hand turning crank, c/u camera's moving shutter, horse and rider move past backdrop, c/u photograph, photograph showing joint movement of walking man Hollywood history

Running pattern based on first fast frame photography sequence of running animals in 1880's by Eadweard Muybridge

[Muybridge Motion Picture Experiments]

REENACTMENT OF DOCTOR, SCIENTIST STUDYING MOTION, WEARING WHITE LAB COAT, WITH HORSE AND RIDER. EXPERIMENT. RIDER HOLDS DEVICE, AN ADAPTATION OF THE PULSE-TAKING INVENTION. FOUR NEEDLES ON A DRUM CREATING GRAPHS OF HORSE'S MOVEMENT. MOVING PARTS OF GIZMO. WIRES CONNECTED TO DEVICE AND HORSE'S LEGS. CLOSES UP HORSE'S HOOF WITH PAD ON IT USED TO RECORD MOVEMENT. RIDER, JOCKEY RIDING HORSE TO RECORD ITS GAIT. EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE.

Excellent "Galloping Horse" film by Eadweard Muybridge, 1878 (the illusion of movement).

The 1947 film The Biography of the Motion Picture Camera is an art documentary produced by Les Films du Compas and Roger Leenhardt, and narrated by Tony Kraber. The film traces the history of the development of motion pictures from the first camera to Edison’s kinetoscope and the Lumiere brothers’ cinematograph. The film begins with a brief recap of photographing still simple subjects. The issue of animating still photographs is apparent with the “School of the Successive Pose” (01:51), and it isn’t until Dr. Etienne-Jules Marey begins his study of movement that the motion picture camera’s foundation is laid. Marey’s study of motion began with Karl von Vierordt’s sphygmograph (03:20—likely a Marey design of Vierordt’s invention). Marey then adapts the sphygmograph to fit a horse and rider (04:09) in order to record the movement of the horse (at a walk, trot, and gallop). Marey’s graph reveals that on the third beat, a horse rested on only one leg, a conclusion that was at odds with the current understanding of how horses galloped. Avid horse racing fan Leland Stanford places a $25,000 bet on Marey’s conclusion and hires photographer Eadweard Muybridge (05:28) to prove Marey’s theory using a battery of 24 cameras to photograph the galloping horse (05:45—recreation of camera battery). Muybridge’s album is sent to Marey, who is impressed and takes up photography to better understand movement. Marey invents his own chronophotograph to better capture movement (07:30—use of chronophotograph, representation of Marey), going as far as to diagram human movement (09:30). With Kodak film (10:15—early Kodak film camera) replacing photographic plates, Marey adapts his chronophotograph (10:20), photographing himself (11:30) with his own chronophotograph. However, it isn’t until Thomas Edison (12:09) that the next breakthrough in motion picture cameras is made. Edison and his interest in reproducing movement brings the motion picture camera into existence. Edison invents his own camera and begins making his own films. After the success of his commercial phonographs (12:27), Edison builds a viewing machine for his films called the kinetoscope (12:50), and people soon pay to watch moving pictures, including the 20-second Sandow (13:04), featuring Eugen Sandow, the German strongman. The documentary then provides a quick explanation of how the kinetoscope works (13:37), then shows a handful of kinetoscope films produced by Edison’s Black Maria Studio: Buffalo Dance (14:22), Hadj Cheriff (14:34), Athlete with Wand (14:46), Annie Oakley (14:55), The Boxing Cats (15:09). The documentary finishes by looking at the impact of Auguste and Louis Lumiere. The Lumiere brothers patent the cinematograph, a projector used for showing motion pictures to large audiences (as well as recording). Louis Lumiere (15:49) makes commercial showings possible by incorporating the principle of the claw of the sewing machine (15:56) into their projector (16:23). The first commercial public screening of films takes place in 1895 at Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris. The Lumiere brothers show ten short films, including Workers Leaving the Factory (15:20) and Baby’s Breakfast (17:12)—featuring Andree Lumiere. Soon after, most cities have commercial screenings of films, allowing people to marvel at the short and simple motion pictures (17:50).<p><p>We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment! See something interesting? Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example like: "01:00:12:00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference."<p><p>This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

ORIGIN OF THE MOTION PICTURE

Classic Television Commercials (Group 1)

Muybridge Motion Picture Experiments

Produced by the U.S. Navy, this vintage documentary "Origins of the Motion Picture" explains the history of the motion picture beginning with optical and persistence of vision devices that were invented before the motion picture including the praxiscope, zoetrope and the zoopraxiscope. Pioneers of photography such as Lou Daguerre and Thomas Edison are featured. Made in collaboration with the Library of Congress (:26). The Great White Fleet of the US Navy appears (1:07). Shots follow of Theodore Roosevelt (1:24) boarding the USS Kearsarge. Roosevelt addresses supporters (1:31). The development of the motion picture enabled larger audiences for presidential campaigns. Early footage follows of the Vanderbilt cup of 1903 (1:46). The narrator explains the early history of storytelling beginning with cave paintings (2:14). Egyptian etchings follow (2:23). The renowned Mona Lisa is pictured (2:57). A sketch documents the camera obscura (3:02). Al Hasan is depicted in animation (3:18). Giambattista della Porta's (3:25) use of the camera obscura is discussed. Athanasius Kircher (3:49) and his theater follow (3:49). Images from within detail magic lanterns (4:30). The Peter Mark Rogers Thesaurus is featured (4:56). On Christmas in 1824, Roget addressed the Royal Society over peculiar optical illusions (5:14). The invention known as the Wonder Turner created by Dr. John Aryton Paris (5:17) is displayed. Belgium scientist Joseph Plateau (5:38) in 1829 developed an early stroboscopic device (5:42). An example shows the invention at work (5:48). He later developed the phenakistiscope; another animation device (6:08). Austrian physicist Von Stamfer presented the stroboscope (6:17). An artist crafts an action strip for the zoetrope (7:05). The praxinoscope (7:05) was created by Charles Emile Reynaud. Franz von Uchatius (7:22) devised a lantern employing the animation disks. This produced the first motion pictures (7:35) projected on a screen. Louis Daguerre (7:40) discovered a method of recording images using chemical reactions (7:48). The Talbot type developed by William Talbot is discussed (7:56). Philadelphia inventor brother’s Langenheim impressed positive prints on glass plates bringing history a step closer to the needs of the motion picture. Leland Stanford (8:44) engaged photographer Eadweard Muybridge (8:56) in 1872 to photograph Stanford's farm. John Isaac's and Leland later experimented with 24 cameras (9:15) to capture the movement of a horse. Muybridge’s 1880 projector is featured (9:40). The projected images appear first shown to the San Francisco Art Association (9:49). Etienne Jules Marais (10:21) developed a photographic gun (10:38). The New Jersey laboratory (10:48) where Thomas Edison (10:50) perfected the talking photograph follows. He makes a comment on the instrument (11:14). Edison developed a machine similar to the phonograph (11:32). Images retrieved from the invention are pictured (11:47). His perforator follows (12:37). Edison purchased nitrocellulose from George Eastman (12:49). Eastman would go on to develop Eastman Kodak Company. The strip kinetograph; a very early movie camera, is put to use (13:10). A negative is pictured (13:59). The actual 1889 motion picture follows (14:14). Edison's Black Maria was opened in West Orange, New Jersey (14:28). William Kennedy Dickson (15:03) delivers an impression on the Black Maria. One of the first sound motion pictures (15:34) features a violist playing as two men twirl. Film spins through the peep show (15:57). The first copyrighted motion picture (16:17) follows. Frames of the film were photographed onto a piece of paper (16:22) and sent to the copyright office (16:31). Motion pictures were shown on Broadway first as part of the theater (17:04). Newspaper clippings advertises the vitascope (17:10). The vitascope follows (17:14). Cameras and projectors were quickly developed (17:24). The Jenkins camera (17:28) and the Chicago Recording Scale Company's camera are featured (17:45). The French Lumiere cinematographe (17:55) camera projector follows. The American mutograph camera (18:12) made photographs for the mutoscope; the competitor to Edison's invention (18:17). The inside of the machine follows (18:35). Film from 1897 shows Pope Leo the 13th (18:42) in Rome. Newsreel footage captures US troops (19:04) arriving in Cuba. Marines from the USS Brooklyn return home (19:12). Footage from 1897 (19:34) shows an early military training film. The US's first submarine; USS Holland from 1903 appears (19:56). This was created by the US Naval Photographic center (20:44).<p><p>This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

Archival stills of young Thomas Alva Edison posing with phonograph. An early phonograph machine. An incandescent light bulb, lit up. Illustrations of a city being illuminated by electric lights. Illustrations of Thomas Alva Edison working in Menlo Park, New Jersey laboratory with adult Caucasian males watching. Still photo of Edison slouched in a chair, phonograph on the table in front of him. Exterior of Thomas Alva Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. Interior of Thomas Alva Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. Shelves and tables containing various vials, bottles, and other scientific equipment used for experimentation. Archival Illustration of two children, Caucasian male and female watching a circular wheel create moving images. Excellent "Galloping Horse" film by Eadweard Muybridge, 1878 (the illusion of movement). Thomas Edison's celluloid print of "Fred Ott's Sneeze". Illustration of early kinetoscope. Poster advertisement promoting Thomas Edison's new invention, the kinetoscope.

Produced in 1970 by Spectra Pictures Corp., "The Man Called Edison" chronicles inventor Thomas Edison’s involvement in the motion picture industry. It showcases many early Edison films from the Library of Congress' paper prints collection. Although some of the facts in the film would likely be disputed by modern historians, the majority of the story presented in the film is accurate.<p><p>One of photographer Eadweard Muybridge’s images opens the film (1:10); he experimented with motion pictures in 1888. A young Thomas Edison (1:18); the pair discussed the development of a machine to enable the movement of pictures. Edison was working on the cylinder phonograph (1:26). After this invention became commercially successful, he turned to motion pictures. One of Edison’s employees whom had much to do with the upcoming innovations was William Kennedy Dickson (1:36). Working in Edison’s West Orange New Jersey Laboratory (1:40). An invention created here which used sheets of celluloid film around a cylinder follows (1:50). Image and sound in these films were of poor quality (1:58). A horizontal feed camera from 1891 (2:21). One of the earliest films produced: a man swinging paddles (2:31). The penny arcade was the entertainment center prior to the turn of the century (2:57). A new installation was Edison’s Kinetoscope (3:02). Two dogs fighting (3:07). William Hays (3:14), President of the Motion Picture Association of America. Mrs. Edison is pictured next to him (3:18). The inside of the Kinetoscope (3:24) as well as the eye piece for viewing the films (3:27). Pie eating contest filmed in 1897 (3:43). Mrs. Edison’s guests on May 20th, 1891 were to be the first to view the films from the Kinetoscope (3:59). The man they viewed was William Dickson (4:11). The first known film to be submitted for copyright happened on October 6th, 1893 (4:52). The second was to be on January 9th, 1894 of Edison’s employee Fred Ott, sneezing (5:00). Chicago’s World Fair in 1893 (5:14) featured the world-famous belly dancer Fatima (5:17). Kinetoscope was on display (5:26). One film presented was a reproduction of the fountains of Versailles (5:32). ‘The Kiss’; an 1896 film featuring May Irwin and John Rice (5:40). The first public showing of the Kinetoscope motion pictures for a fee took place at Holland Brothers Kinetoscope parlor in New York City (5:45). It depicted Eugen Sandow flexing (6:01). A boxing match between James Corbett and Peter Courtney in 1894 follows (6:09). Footage of the Philadelphia Express (6:30), Black Diamond Express (6:44), and of the New York elevated railway are shown (6:55). The Southern Pacific Overland Mail rail car was copyrighted in 1897 (8:04). A market scene in Mexico (8:43) and street scene in Honolulu (8:47) follow. A regiment is seen marching in Hong Kong (9:20). During footage of a Pueblo Indian dance circle, the copyright flashes on the screen (9:30). Most of the early works were done by William Dickson (9:49). A baseball game is filmed from 1898 (10:20) as well as a backyard game at Edison’s residence (10:22). An Admiral Cigarette commercial follows from 1897 (10:53). Edison’s first studio was completed in 1893 (11:35). This was the ‘Black Maria’ and the interior of the studio is presented (11:59). Some films created here were of the sharp shooter Annie Oakley (12:12) and Ella Lola in 1898 (12:15). Early experiments with sound recordings and film shows Dickson playing a violin while two other employees dance (12:39). Synchronization was difficult (13:19). A U.S. Coast Guard rescue and resuscitation instructional film (13:47) follows. The wreckage of the battleship USS Maine was filmed in 1898 (14:16). Army recruit being tossed in a blanket (14:27). Search for bodies after the Galveston hurricane in 1900 (15:08). Comedy films are shown as well as comedies. A panoramic shot of the Buffalo Exposition by Edwin Porter (20:33) include the first night recordings of incandescent lights. Edison purchased the patent for a projector invented by Charles Jenkins and Thomas Armat (21:02). He called it the Vitascope (21:09). Thomas Armat speaks (21:22). The premiere in NYC on April 23rd, 1896 (24:18). German Kaiser Wilhelm and his troops (24:31). The U.S. flag is shown which closed out the films (25:02). Movies began satirizing themselves and the comedy ‘Uncle Josh at the Picture Show’ from 1902 follows (25:15). Edison’s studio is seen which was active until 1917 (26:33). Produced by Dennis R Atkinson (27:06). The End.<p><p>This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

This tattoo artist at Bob &amp;amp; Charlie Roberts' Spotlight Tattoo had his work cut out for him with this request. Open the Portal is a stop motion animation studio in Los Angeles, California. One of the owner's of the studio decided he wanted an unusual tattoo in honor of the company he built. With the help of friend and co-owner Eadweard Muybridge, he created the design for his tattoo. The animation strip is of a character from the Open the Portal universe called The Timecrow. They enlisted Sean Allen to complete the piece. The incredible work shows the character tumbling and becoming a clock. (Footage By Open the Portal/Storyful via Getty Images)