Holocaust and genocide survivors who fled their homelands to escape persecution have urged Britons to show the same compassion afforded to them to the thousands of people crossing the English Channel in search of sanctuary. Vera Schaufeld, who left what is now the Czech Republic on Sir Nicholas Winton’s Kindertransport in 1939, said being able to find sanctuary in Bury St Edmunds as a nine-year-old effectively saved her life. And El Sadiq Manees, who arrived in the UK in 2015 having secretly boarded a cross-continental freight train after escaping war-torn Sudan, asked people to better understand the life-or-death decisions made by those who choose to leave. It comes ahead of Holocaust Memorial Day, on Thursday, when people will be asked to reflect upon the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust, and on genocides that followed in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Darfur.

SEVERAL HOUSE MEMBERS COMMENT ON BOSNIA DURING MORNING BUSINESS AND HOUSE ONE MINUTES.

BARS AND TONE. SLATE. VS OF MEN PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. CS. VO. VS OF CHILDREN DANCING. VS OF CAMBODIAN REFUGEES RECEIVING FOOD. VS OF SHELVES PILED WITH THE SKULLS AND BONES OF THE VICTIMS OF THE CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE. MS OF NGET SOPHON, WHOSE FAMILY WAS SLAIN BY THE KHMER ROUGE. MS OF NGUON SOPHEE, WHOSE FATHER WAS KILLED. SHE ESCAPED TO A THAI BORDER CAMP. VS OF REFUGEES MOVING TO THAILAND. VS OF A REFUGEE CAMP. MS OF SOPHON, WHO HELPS RUN THE CAMP. VS OF KHMER ROUGE SOLDIERS. SU. VS OF PEOPLE WITH LEGS MISSING. VS OF THE DANCING CHILDREN. MS OF CHA PHIROM, WHOSE WIFE HAS JUST GIVEN BIRTH. MS OF A PREGNANT WIDOW WHO WANTS TO SEND HER BABY TO LIVE WITH HER AUNT IN THE UNITED STATES. VS OF A CHILD AND A SLEEPING MAN. CR: 177 REFEED. NO IMAGE. CI: MANKIND: REFUGEES, CAMBODIAN. MANKIND: HANDICAPPED. MANKIND: CHILDREN. MANKIND: SLEEPING. ATROCITIES: CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE. MUSIC: DANCING. PERSONALITIES: NGET SOPHON. PERSONALITIES: NGUON SOPHEE. PERSONALITIES: CHA PHIROM.

Thailand 10:00:01 - Footbridge over deep canyon, vs man walking across bridge, vs native village (thatched roofs), butterflies in field, long necked "giraffe women" of Burma, vs women weaving, walking in village, 10:06:54 - hill tribe women on porch, women wearing much jewelry, long necked woman, child and baby holding umbrella, close ups faces, kids walk though village, weaving on loom, 10:10:24 man has rings put on neck, women massaging shoulders, woman doing laundry, Cambodia, Phnom Penh, main street with traffic, vs. ext. national museum, vs. temple and spire, children playing, kids boat crossing Mekong River, vs. swimming races in river, palace with Cambodian flag, vs. Royal Palace, 10:15:10 Abandoned French style house with naked children playing up front, Buddhist temple spire in park with rickshaw cycle traffic in foreground, women and children walk in park, Wat Phnom, woman leaving offering at temple, vs. park, temple and traffic, Asian village on river, houses on stilts, vs. television antennas and visible pollution, vs. primitive gas station, gasoline in interesting containers (Coke, Fanta bottles) 10:20:13 - abandoned mansion with children playing, Victory Monument with rickshaw traffic, ext. Cambodiana Hotel, Buddhist monks pass through streets, vs. English language signs, group of boys on balcony, vs. dark alley, vs. Phnom Penh streets and traffic, vs. destroyed and deserted buildings, boats on Mekong, French colonial buildings with trash, man sitting on rickshaw in front of palace, 10:25:00 - vs. interior of Royal palace including Silver Pagoda, Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide, ext. high school where 17,00 people were killed by Khmer Rouge, vs. handheld walks through torture center, vs. barbed wire, sign for museum, 10:30:56 vs. interior of torture chamber, implements, vs. close ups of photos of victims, man looking at photos, handheld walk through room, POV car on dirt road to killing fields, man driving car, Choeung Ek, Killing Fields, vs. tower of skulls, mass graves, Cambodians searching mass graves for teeth, 10:36:12 dental students display human teeth, vs. graves with human bones, searching the gravesite, vs. shelves and pagoda of skulls, Brahma bull walks through, skull pagoda, Angkor Wat, Cambodia, interior of airplane with passengers, man looks out window of plane, 10:40:27 vs. aerials of Ton Le Sap Lake, Angkor Wat at dawn, silhouette of boy wading into water, Buddhist monks walking out of Angkor Wat, crate of hand grenades, man hands machine gun to tourist, distant telephoto of Angkor Wat, street with few pedestrians, towers in sunrise blue light, 10:44:40 vs. wide shots of Angkor with sunrises, birds and trees, reflection of Angkor Wat in canal water, water buffalo herd cross river with jungle in background, ducks and birds in river, small boys cross river, 10:50:59 vs. silhouette of little boy in front of Angkor Wat road leading to tower, vs. Monks walking down path, vs. side views of Angkor Wat, interior courtyard of Angkor Wat, vs. ext. Angkor Wat. 10:55:39 - close up of tower and scaffolding, vs. Angkor Wat with sun in different positions, naked boys jump off bridge into river, close up of Bayon Stone, vs. small boy with gun climbs hill

Story 2; KAMPUCHEA (CAMBODIA), Phnom Penh TGV Crowded main street of city as traffic to & fro MS Bicycles, motor bikes, & cars along road to & fro CMS Man on moped with children at front & rear along PAN R-L to BV GV Street as people come & go INT CMS Lathe in action PULL OUT as man in side view at work MS Workshop as man next lathe & others around EXT AV Colourful balloons flying TILT DOWN as man selling MS Elephant along as people riding on top LMS Small children playing in river TCMS Small boys jumping up & down in pond PULL OUT as naked little boy in BV jumps in MS Small naked boy jumping in river & others playing merrily MS Farmer ploughing paddy field with oxen towards TCMS Plough furrowing through mud TRACK R-L GV Paddy field as workers in b/g planting TCMS Workers planting rice-plants in paddy TBV Ducks waddling along away PULL OUT LMS Billboard in countryside displays picture of torture & suffering CMS Detail of picture depicts torture of Killing Fields during Pol Pot (Khmer Rouge Leader) era CMS Detail of picture CMS Placard on post with numbers written on PULL OUT & PAN L-R as thousands of human skulls piled up in open shed CMS Funeral party along L-R carrying coffin draped in flowers CMS Buddhist monks along L-R with funeral procession PULL OUT as people carrying picture of deceased QUANTEL to

NOTES: COL PRINT LOCATION: THAI / CAMBODIAN BORDER TITLE: CAMBODIAN REFUGEES SERVICED DATE: 03/14/00 NO: 18954 DATE SHOT: 03/13/00 LENGTH: 54 FEET SECONDS: 1M26 SOUND: NATSOF DATE OF ARRIVAL: CAMBODIAN REFUGEES ORGANIZE THEIR LIFE IN A CAMP. FILM SHOWS: CAMP SCENES, PEOPLE COOKING, WASHING, LOOKING AFTER THEIR CHILDREN, A FEW PITIFUL BELONGINGS. STORYLINE: THERE ARE MORE THAN HALF-A-MILLION CAMBODIAN REFUGEES IN CAMPS - MANY OF THEMUNITED NATIONS -SPONSORED - CLUSTERED ON THE BORDER BETWEEN THAILAND AND THE KHMER STATE. MOST OF THE CAMPS HOUSE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN WHO HAVE FLED EITHER FROM THE FIGHTING OR FROM PERSECUTION AND THE GENOCIDE THAT HAS BEEN THE MOST APPALLING FEATURE OF THE CAMBODIAN SCENE SINCE THE KHMERS ROUGES TOOK OVER IN 1975. MANY OF THE REFUGEES ARE NOW KHMERS ROUGES, IN FLIGHT BEFORE THE VIETNAMESE INVADERS. OTHER REFUGEES ARE FOLLOWERS OF PRINCE NORODOM SIHANOUK, OPPOSED TO BOTH THE KHMERS ROUGES AND THE VIETNAMESE-BACKED PHNOM PENH GOVERNMENT. UNITED NATIONS AUTHORITIES AND THE THAI GOVERNMENT HAVE SET UP CAMPS TO SEPARATE THE TWO GROUPS. MEANWHILE, AS BEST THEY CAN, THE REFUGEES ORGANIZE THEIR LIFE WHILE AWAITING EITHER A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS IN THEIR COUNTRY SO THAT THEY CAN GO BACK HOME, OR A VISA TO ANY COUNTRY WILLING TO OFFER THEM PERMANENT REFUGE. FEET R/SECS GV CAMP SCENES, PEOPLE COKKING AND WASHING, BABIES 19 30 WOMAN ROCKING BABY IN HAMMOCK 24 38 MS A FEW PACKETS PAN TO REFUGEES 30 48 CU GIRL WASHING 36 58 MS WOMAN COOKING 38 1M01 MS REFUGEES WITH CHILDREN IN FOREGROUND 43 1M09 MS GROUP OF REFUGEES (3 SHOTS) 54 1M26

NAME: CAMB DUCH 2 20070731I TAPE: EF07/0911 IN_TIME: 10:48:44:05 DURATION: 00:02:44:01 SOURCES: Various DATELINE: Various/FILE RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST AP Television Phnom Penh, Cambodia - 31 July 2007 1. Car carrying Duch and convoy arriving at Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia AP Television Phnom Penh - 31 July 2007 2. Various of security Cambodian genocide tribunal headquarters in Phnom Penh 3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Reach Sombat, Genocide Tribunal Spokesman: "Kaing Khek Iev, known as Duch, was brought to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia on Tuesday morning for initial questioning by the co-investigating judges." 4. Cambodian flag flying over tribunal headquarters 5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Reach Sombat, Genocide Tribunal Spokesman: "He will be interviewed by the co-investigating judges and the co-investigating judges will issue a press statement on Wednesday." 6. Various exteriors of tribunal headquarters 7. Various of military court prison where Duch was held DC-Cam - AP Clients Only Location Unknown - Between 1975-1979 8. STILL photo of Kang Kek Iev, better known by his nickname "Duch", taken between 1975-1979, during the days of the Khmer Rouge government AP Television Samlot, Cambodia - March 1999 9. Various of Duch talking AP Television Bangkok, Thailand - 27 July 2007 10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nic Dunlop, Author of "The Lost Executioner": "I think there's very little doubt that he's been responsible for a whole range of abuses from torture to executions to not only carrying out orders from above that were given to him but also to act on his own initiative, with his own authority." AP Television Phnom Penh, Cambodia - March 1999 11. Close of document from S-21, showing a list of prisoners on one day in 1978 - including several children 12. Duch's handwriting and signature on same document, which says "Smash them all!" AP Television Phnom Penh, Cambodia - March 1999 13. Various of S-21 (also known as "Tuol Sleng"), the secret holding centre in Phnom Penh where alleged enemies of the Khmer Rouge were first tortured then killed - It is now museum dedicated to preserving the memory of what happened under the Khmer Rouge STORYLINE A notorious Khmer Rouge prison chief was taken to the Cambodian genocide tribunal headquarters on Tuesday to be questioned by judges investigating crimes committed during the regime's rule in late 1970s, an official said. Kaing Khek Iev, also known as Duch, who headed the former Khmer Rouge prison S-21 in Phnom Penh - became the first suspect to be questioned by judges of the UN-backed tribunal, said a tribunal spokesman. "Kaing Khek Iev, known as Duch, was brought to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia on Tuesday morning for initial questioning by the co-investigating judges," Reach Sombat, a spokesman for the Genocide Tribunal told AP Television. "He will be interviewed by the co-investigating judges and the co-investigating judges will issue a press statement on Wednesday," Sombat said. The prison was a virtual slaughterhouse where suspected enemies of the ultra-communists were brutally tortured before being taken out to killing fields near the city. Officials said Duch was driven in a car escorted by Cambodian government security forces and arrived at the tribunal headquarters shortly after 6:10 a.m. (23:10 GMT). He was taken from a military prison, where he has been detained since 1999. Kaing Khek Iev, 62, is among five ex-Khmer Rouge leaders the tribunal's prosecutors have submitted to the co-investigating judges for further investigation. Some 16,000 people were imprisoned at S-21, now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. Only about a dozen of them are thought to have survived when the Khmer Rouge regime was overthrown by a Vietnamese invasion in 1979. Nic Dunlop, author of the book "The Lost Executioner" about the Khmer Rouge, said that there is "very little doubt" that Duch was "responsible for a whole range of abuses from torture to executions to not only carrying out orders from above that were given to him but also to act on his own initiative, with his own authority." Some 1.7 (m) million people died from hunger, disease, overwork and execution as a result of the radical policies of the Khmer Rouge. On July 18, prosecutors submitted to the investigating judges the cases of five former Khmer Rouge leaders they recommend stand trial. The prosecutors did not reveal the identity of the five suspects, citing confidentiality rule.

Cambodia's UN-backed war crimes court will close its first case when it announces the verdict on appeal for former Khmer Rouge prison chief Duch, who oversaw the torture and murder of some 15,000 men, women and children in the late 1970s. Phnom Penh, Cambodia. (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)

Kampuchea: Story 4: Kampong Cham:; ***ALSO AVAILABLE AS FS161080001*** KAMPUCHEA [CAMBODIA]: Kampong Cham: EXT TRACK L-R through town past river: MS Wrecked car MS Wrecked tractor MS Wrecked vehicle BV Car in street MS Children in door way CMS APC L-R GV Street PAN APC PULL APC and Kampuchean troops TRACK R-L through overgrown grounds of Technical University MS Women with bundles PULL OUT Mass Burial Ground: LMS SANDY GALL ZOOM: EXT: SOF: "The stench of death ............................................. to the top": PAN R-L to skulls GV Temple TILT mass grave [victims of Cambodian genocide] CS Skull CS Two skulls MS People at graveside BV Track soldier with gun TILT skulls CS Skulls PULL OUT MS Cow grazes ZOOM skulls CS Skulls PULL OUT - peasants PAN to skulls R-L - 2 more CS Skulls in pool of water CS Skulls ZOOM one TRACK L-R orphans clap MS Orphans drumming TRACK L-R drumming MS Children play MS Girl reads book PULL OUT MS Two children with war drawing picture MS Child L-R MS Rice stirred CS PULL OUT boy MS Rice doled out MS Children sword dance MS Sword dance ZOOM IN EKT 16mm ITN(Morgan) 4.02 mins 151 ft 16.10.80 / NAT + FINAL MAG

TAPE: EF03/0662 IN_TIME: 08:28:37 DURATION: 3:52 SOURCES: APTN RESTRICTIONS: DATELINE: Pailin, July 16-17 & Recent SHOTLIST: July 16, 2003 1. Various of Sam Rainsy motorcade during campaign for July 27 nationwide elections 2. Sam Rainsy applauding and waving from truck as motorcade drives past 3. Campaign truck driving past 4. Various of Sam Rainsy walking and shaking hands with supporters 5. Crowd at rally applauding 6. Sam Rainsy addressing crowd 7. Children applauding 8. Wide shot of Sam Rainsy campaigners 9. Mid-shot of campaigners wearing T-shirts with picture of candle 10. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Ven Dara, Sam Rainsy Party Candidate: "I have no problem competing against Y Chhean. My party is clean and not corrupt, unlike Y Chhean's." July 3, 2003 11. Khieu Samphan, former Khmer Rouge head of state, being escorted to funeral for Khieu Ponnary, former wife of Pol Pot 12. Wide shot of funeral rites 13. Nuon Chea, former Khmer Rouge parliament head, seated at funeral 14. Ieng Sary, former Khmer Rouge Foreign Minister, praying at funeral 15. Various of portrait of Khieu Ponnary at funeral July 17, 2003 17. Policeman jumping on motorcycle 18. Motorcycle driving off ahead of Cambodian People's Party convoy 19. Convoy passing 20. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Y Chhean, Cambodian People's Party Candidate: "Tribunal is a matter of law. Actually, I think there is no problem (holding it). Most people here understand who the policy makers were during the Khmer Rouge era. Those key figures like Pol Pot, Son Sen and Ta Mok are either dead or jailed. So, it would be no problem to hold a tribunal." 21. Polling station illustration 22. Polling station officials with paperwork 23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ieng Sophy, Chief Election commission: "Well first of all I would say that we have many observers here right now, international observers who came here just for to observe the election day. So, this is a good part for us to be sure that we do have a free and fair election." 24. Gems being poured onto scale in gem market 25. Man weighing gems 26. Wide shot of gem market 27. Man examining a gem 28. Close-up of gem being examined in man's hand STORYLINE: Campaigning for national elections has evoked Cambodia's grim past in jungle town of Pailin, once a stronghold of the genocidal Khmer Rouge (KR) regime, where two former guerrillas are locked in a battle over ballots. Former Khmer Rouge cadres Ven Dara and Y Chhean are front-runners in a race for a single seat in parliament to represent Pailin, a town of 40-thousand people with 22,394 eligible voters. The Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) and the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) are locked in a tough contest for the lone seat in the province, home of many of the former Khmer Rouge. What divides the candidates is the issue of the proposed United Nations-assisted genocide tribunal for surviving Khmer Rouge leaders. Sam Rainsy and his party's candidate, Ven Dara, would like to see many here go on trial in a joint Cambodian-United Nations atrocities tribunal. Ven Dara's uncle, Ta Mok, was a former KR military commander and was arrested in 1999 - becoming one of only two Khmer Rouge officers in prison waiting to be brought before the proposed tribunal. Ven believes that if her uncle faces the tribunal, then all former surviving KR leaders should also stand trial. However, the CPP, led by Prime Minister Hun Sen, and its candidate Y Chhean - a former Pol Pot bodyguard - want a limited number tried. This issue has made the political race in the western enclave interesting. The SRP currently holds the legislative seat in the area after victory in the 1998 election. However, former Pol Pot bodyguard Y Chhean - recruited by the CPP - is the standing provincial governor. Sam Rainsy campaigned in Pailin recently and received a huge turnout, but his supporters still believe the machine of CPP and Y Chhean will steal the election. At the centre of the political debate are three former Khmer Rouge leaders - seen recently attending a funeral for Pol Pot's first wife Khieu Ponnary. All could face trial for the misdeeds of the regime that is estimated to have caused the death of 1.7 (m) million Cambodians from starvation, disease, overwork and execution during its 1975-79 rule. None of the group's leaders has faced justice for the atrocities. Khieu Samphan was the nominal head of state and author of much of the ultra-communist philosophy of the Khmer Rouge. Nuon Chea was head of the legislature, and Ieng Sary was the foreign minister. All three made a deal for clemency with the current government after agreeing to have their supporters lay down their arms not long after the 1998 election. Hun Sen was a Khmer Rouge cadre himself before defecting and gaining political power after the 1979 invasion by Vietnam ended the rule of the Pol Pot regime. The pact to create a tribunal, signed by Cambodia and the United Nations last month, still has to be ratified by the Cambodian assembly. International and Cambodian judges will determine who will go before the court. Pailin is known as the centre of the Cambodian gem industry, and its riches could benefit the winning political parties both in terms of personal wealth as well as financing political ambitions. Its 22-thousand plus voters will go to the polls on Sunday. Voters throughout Cambodia will elect a 123-seat National Assembly, from which a new government will be formed.

TAPE: EF02/0399 IN_TIME: 07:30:51 DURATION: 5:09 SOURCES: APTN RESTRICTIONS: DATELINE: Various - See Script SHOTLIST: NB: no slate at the start of story File - 1996/1997 Tonle Bati 1.Various of bones of Cambodians who were killed during the regime of Khmer Rouge File - 2000 Choung Ek, near Phnom Penh 2. Tower of bones File - April 1998 Anlong Deng 3. Shot of Ta mok File - April 1998 Anlong Deng 4. Various of Pol Pot's funeral Pailin - 3 May 2002 5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Khieu Samphan, public face of Khmer Rouge regime "I would like to spend the rest of my life in the calm. Because my life has been so disturbing with the same questions again and again. But I have nothing against the press men." File 2002 Phnom Penh 6. Cambodian map pieced by human bones at the Tuol Sleng museum 7. Various of museum staffers removing bones Battembong - 4 May 2002 8. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) leng Sary, Khmer Rouge former leader "The newspapers write a different story from what really happened." File Phnom Penh 9. King Sihanouk being surrounded by Cambodian people 10. King Sihanouk shaking hands with people Battembong - May 4, 2002 11. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) leng Sary, Former Khmer Rouge leader "Even the king, he does not keep an an accurate account. When he wrote his book in 1979 it was false, very false." File - 1998 Phnom Penh 12. US embassy in Cambodia 13. US flag Battembong - 4 May 2002 14. SOUNDBITE: (English) leng Thanith, Ieng Sary's wife "Because it's not just Cambodia alone, but it's the highest powers that have run Cambodia. Now you understand it's very difficult to separate wrong from right, but even if we speak they don't believe us." File - December, 1998 Undisclosed location 15. Various of Khmer Rouge leaders Khieo Samphan and Nuon Chea meeting Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen Pailin - 2 May 2002 16. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Nuon Chea, Pol Pot's second in command (OVER STILL PHOTO) "I am not concerned about politics or other things dealing with my country, I just want to exist like normal people. I am old. I am not healthy and I have no ability, I am living here today just to give advice to my children or to do something good and legal for my fellow Cambodians." 17. Various of Cambodians making jade rings in the market in Pailin, northern Cambodia Sampov Long - 4 May 2002 18. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Endkong, 54 year old farmer "During the Khmer Rouge the regime killed a lot of people. No medicine, no food to eat and we were forced to work hard. Now the family is very developed. We have everything to eat, a house in which to stay and we have the right to go anywhere." Pailin - 2 May 2002 19. Various of streets Sampov Long - 3 May 2002 20. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Neat Pen, 63 years old farmer "I am not happy with the Khmer Rouge leaders because the regime killed lots of people. Even my father and brother were killed during that time, So I am very angry and I want to put them in the jail or kill them." Phnom Penh - 4 May 2002 21. Various of children playing at a park in Phnom Penh 22. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Voxpop, Young Cambodian woman "I heard from my father the story of Pol Pot and the Pol Pot time. But I don't really know who they are because I was born after the Pol Pot regime." 23. Shot of children playing at the park STORYLINE: Several former Khmer Rouge leaders in Cambodia are quietly hoping that possible war crime tribunals will never come to pass, as they fade into their old age. While Kaing Kek Ieu, whose "revolutionary" name was Duch, says from jail that he is ready to defend himself, the rest of the surviving leadership are keeping a low profile, hoping that the nation and the international community will lose interest in them. Another former KR leader, Ta Mok, also remains jailed, although uncommunicative. Pol Pot, considered the head man during the Khmer Rouge time, died several years ago. But leng Sary, Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea, all considered top decision-makers during the murderous regime, remain at large - living quietly in the western town of Pailin. War crimes activists and local and international journalists have tried to keep the spotlight on these men, an endeavour they resent and wish to stop. The current government led by Hun Sen, himself a former Khmer Rouge comrade, seems to be taking small steps to encourage the public to put the past behind them. As part of this process, the Tuol Sleng museum, set up by the liberating Vietnamese to commemorate the torture of Cambodians by the Khmer Rouge, has been scaled down in recent months. And while laws have been drafted to provide rules for a tribunal, a dispute with the United Nations (UN) threatens to neuter or even avoid any trials. Last August King Sihanouk signed a law enabling the establishment of a UN-assisted genocide tribunal. But some suspect that even the king hopes the whole plan can be cancelled, embarrassed over what some say was his capitulation with the Khmer Rouge when they were in power, despite his protests to the contrary. Ieng Thanith, Ieng Sary's wife and herself a player during the Khmer Rouge time, says that other world powers would be embarrassed by a tribunal. The US sided with the Khmer Rouge after the Vietnamese invasion that installed Hun Sen and eventually led to UN-sponsored free elections. Ieng Sary received an amnesty after making a deal with the government in the mid-'90's. It's unclear whether that agreement could be breached to include him in the tribunal. Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea appear more vulnerable, despite their efforts to come in from the cold in 1998. Now they both claim to be tired old men who just want to be left alone with their families. But their expression of desire to fade away in peace, designed to gain sympathy from the international community, will not wash with Cambodians at home - especially among those born before 1975 who remember the KR regime. Those who survived want justice. However, with more than half the population under 30 years of age, the regime's brutality is starting to fade from the collective memory. In 2002, the question is whether the victims will be able to push a trial into place before the former KR leaders disappear from the landscape permanently. More than two (m) million Cambodians are thought to have been executed, or died from disease or starvation during the Khmer Rouge reign. Many were tortured, having been accused of befriending the Western non-communists within the country or the Vietnamese. Others fell victim to the Khmer Rouge's disastrous rural relocation scheme in which cities were emptied in order to set up an agrarian society - which later failed to meet the nations food needs.

Legacy of Pol Pot; CAMBODIA: Phnom Penh: INT SEQ Youk Chhang (Cambodian Genocide Programme) opens curtains, files stacked on shelves, Youk opens & examines files, pages leafed thru files detailing atrocities committed by Khmer Rouge & their leader Pol Pot...had lain untouched in a govt building for 20 years as Youk reads extract from file v/o SOT - Khmer Rouge beat my husband & killed him in front of my two children (seq = 49 secs) CMS Files stacked on shelves TILT UP TCMS Files CS Cord tied around files (last 3 shots = 13 secs) CMS Youk Chhang (Cambodian Genocide Programme) interview SOT - this tells us what actually happened - the facts Candow (phon) Province: EXT SEQ Youk & Williams on boat as along, wash from boat, both off boat & along to shed (seq = 28 secs) INT TCMS Human bones & skulls piled high PAN L-R TCMS Skulls TCS Skull TCS Another (bones/skulls = 11 secs) (locals butchered by Khmer Rouge) EXT LMS Vehicle towards & past LBV Vehicle away LMS Sous Thy (Khmer Rouge Prison Administrator) strolling along towards with Williams & both sit on bench CMS Sous Thy (Khmer Rouge Prison Administrator) interview SOT (subtitled) - I only know about the work I did / I heard about torture & other things but it was not my responsibility SEQ Sous sitting outside house with wife & children INT CMS Hands flicking thru Sous' file TCS Page TILT DOWN (file shows he betrayed his own brother & sister)

TAPE: EF02/0439 IN_TIME: 07:27:36 DURATION: 3:52 SOURCES: APTN RESTRICTIONS: DATELINE: Various - see script SHOTLIST: Pailin, northern Cambodia May 2, 2002 1. Wide shot of Pailin 2. Various of Cambodian people on the street 3. Sneaking shot of Nuon Chea and his wife in his house at Pailin town of Cambodia 4. Wide shot of a sign outside Nuon Chea's house warning people to stay away 5. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Nuon Chea, Pol Pot's second in command during Khmer Rouge regime "I like to have a simple life, but I am not very happy. I am still thinking about my country and it's future. But I am not talking about who will be in the leadership. I do not care. I am just worried about my children." 6. Thai-Cambodian border shot 7. Cambodian border guard 8. Cambodian border station May 3, 2002 Pailin, northern Cambodia. 9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Khieu Samphan, Khmer Rouge nominal leader "To speak about my relationship with Nuon Chea. It's not strictly professional. I have to respect him and help him in times of difficulty. You know it's my nature." 10. Khieu Samphan talking to AP reporter 11. Tilt up from Khieu Samphan's bare feet to his face 12. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Khieu Samphan, Khmer Rouge nominal leader "I tell you the truth. I am not very happy or sad. It's simple. In the past I did something so that my name is in the story of my country." May 2, 2002 Pailin, northern Cambodia 13. People on street 14. Monks May 4, 2002 Battembong, northern Cambodia 15. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer), Ieng Sary (seated with wife) Question: "Did you visit Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan? Answer: No." (Waves his hands) FILE Phnom Penh 16. Wide shot of Palace May 4, 2002 Battembong, northern Cambodia 17. SOUNDBITE : (English) Ieng Thanith, Ieng Sary's wife Question: "(Is it true that) Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea have no money? Answer: (laughs) I don't know. They live very far away." 18. Wide shot of Ieng Sary and his wife at Battembong airport. 19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ieng Thanith, Ieng Sary's wife QUESTION: Why did you go to Thailand?? LENG THANITH: Because we have all of our friends there." May 4, 2002 Sampov Long, northern Cambodia. 20. Pan of cornfield 21. Corn farmers 22. Shot of a van full of passengers on the street. STORYLINE: As the momentum wanes for holding a United Nations-sponsored Khmer Rouge genocide trial, two of the barbaric regime's most prominent leaders live a life of freedom but boredom, playing with grandchildren and listening to the radio. In rare interviews, Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan have told The Associated Press that they expect to spend their final years in Pailin, a nondescript town close to the Thai border. Nuon Chea, 76, is the top surviving Khmer Rouge commander. He helped Pol Pot seize control of Cambodia's communist movement in the 1950s and '60s and then became the movement's chief political ideologue. Khieu Samphan, 70, was the nominal leader of the Khmer Rouge and its best known public face. The two men now describe themselves as poor and isolated. They agreed to the interviews on the condition that they wouldn't be asked about the past or their roles in the 1975-79 Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge are blamed for the deaths of at least 1.7 million Cambodians, killed by disease or overwork, starved or executed in their attempt to create an agrarian utopia. The 45-minute interviews took place separately on consecutive days this month at their isolated and modest concrete and wooden homes, located less than 30 metres (yards) apart. A long-standing plan to create a U.N.-assisted Cambodian tribunal to bring surviving Khmer Rouge leaders to justice appears to have unraveled. The world body pulled out of the project in February, saying it cannot rely on the Cambodian government to create a tribunal of international standards. It wants changes to laws governing the tribunal but Cambodia has refused, citing its sovereignty. Many critics say the government is deliberately thwarting the tribunal because many members of Prime Minister Hun Sen's government were Khmer Rouge cadres. Hun Sen himself was a member until he deserted in 1977 and returned later with the invading Vietnamese army that ousted the Khmer Rouge. No Khmer Rouge member has ever been convicted for the 1970s atrocities. Only two top officials, Ta Mok and Kaing Khek Iev, are in jail after being seized by government forces in the waning days of the Khmer Rouge guerrilla war. The two, along with Nuon Chea, Khieu Samphan and former Foreign Minister Ieng Sary, would likely be among the chief defendants in any future tribunal.

The trial of the main Khmer Rouge prison chief is finally drawing to a close after months of international publicity. Phnom Penh, Cambodia. (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)

NAME: CAM DUCH 2 20080226Ixx TAPE: EF08/0229 IN_TIME: 10:00:09:00 DURATION: 00:02:28:20 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION DATELINE: nr Phnom Penh, 26 Feb 2008/File RESTRICTIONS: See Script SHOTLIST: AP Television near Phnom Penh, Cambodia - 26 February 2008 1. Convoy carrying Kaing Guek Eav (a.k.a. Duch) leaving the tribunal's detention centre AP Television Choeung Ek, south of Phnom Penh, Cambodia - 26 February 2008 2. Wide of Choeung Ek, also known as the "killing fields" 3. Mid of entrance gate 4. Police vehicles parked outside 5. Various of security 6. Various of convoy arriving 7. Various of security outside Documentation Centre of Cambodia FILE: Location Unknown - between 1975 and1979 8. STILL photo of Duch during the days of the Khmer Rouge government AP Television FILE: Phnom Penh, Cambodia - March 1999 9. Wide pan of S-21 prison that Duch was responsible for (a.k.a. Tuol Sleng) 10. Barbed wires at S-21 11. Pan of photos of Khmer Rouge victims hanging on the wall of S-21 wall FILE: Phnom Penh, Cambodia - December 2007 12. Wide of Duch standing in court 13. Close-up of Duch in court FILE: Choeung Ek, Cambodia - 1999 14. Wide of Khmer Rouge mass graves site 15. Close-up of piece of clothing on the ground 16. Pan down of skulls of victims held in stupa AP Television Cheoung Ek, near Phnom Penh, Cambodia - 26 February 2008 17. Pan down of skulls of victims held in stupa 18. Various of skulls 19. Tilt down from tree to sign at base of tree trunk, reading "Killing tree against which executioners beat children" 20. Wide of Cambodians standing beside exhumed mass graves 21. Wide of journalists standing around tribunal spokesman Reach Sambath at the killing fields 22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Reach Sambath, Tribunal spokesman: "We could see that when he saw the tree trunk, which he said the children were smashed into the tree trunk, at the end of the conversation he bent his leg and he worshipped, he prayed, he saluted to the tree, and he feel very emotion(al) and then at the very end of the conversation he came here, he asked permission to pray to those victims who had died as well and we could see that his eye was very emotional." 23. Wide of convoy carrying Duch, leaving the killing fields to return him to detention STORYLINE: The former head of a notorious Khmer Rouge torture centre was moved to tears on Tuesday when he was taken by Cambodia's genocide tribunal to one of the country's notorious "killing fields" to which he is accused of sending thousands of people to their deaths, an official said. Kaing Guek Eav, also known as Duch, has been charged with crimes against humanity for his role three decades ago as commandant of the Khmer Rouge's notorious S-21 prison. He was taken into custody by the UN-assisted tribunal last year pending trial. An estimated 1.7 (m) million people died during the 1975-79 communist Khmer Rouge regime, which cut off contact with the outside world and forced the entire population into agricultural collectives, leading to starvation and disease. The regime tortured and executed untold thousands of people. Duch, 65, is one of five former high-ranking Khmer Rouge officials being held for trial by the joint UN-Cambodian tribunal established in 2006 to finally bring aging top Khmer Rouge leaders to justice. Tuesday's so-called re-enactment, closed to the public and media, was part of an investigative process that involves taking the accused to the crime scene to be questioned about what happened in the past. Duch was especially moved when he stood before a tree with a sign describing how executioners disposed of their child victims by bashing their heads against its trunk, the spokesman said. "We could see that when he saw the tree trunk, which he said the children were smashed into the tree trunk, at the end of the conversation he bent his leg and he worshipped, he prayed, he saluted to the tree," said Reach Sambath, a tribunal spokesman. There are several similar displays among the shallow graves that contain skeletal remains and ragged clothes. Some 16-thousand men, women and children who had been held at S-21 were killed and buried at Choeung Ek, now a memorial site that is a popular tourist attraction. At the end of the tour, Duch clasped his hands together in prayer and cried again in front of a glass-fronted stupa, or Buddhist reliquary, crammed with 8,985 skulls, some bearing clear evidence of death by hammers, hoes, bamboo sticks and bullets, Sambath said. Duch had been driven in a heavily guarded convoy from the tribunal's detention centre to Choeung Ek, about 10 kilometres (6 miles) south of Phnom Penh. About 80 people, including judges, prosecutors, lawyers, representatives of the victims and witnesses, were on hand for the re-enactment, Reach Sambath said. Among the witnesses were four former staff members of S-21, he said. Duch is scheduled to visit S-21, now the Tuol Sleng genocide museum, on Wednesday. Of the thousands jailed there during the Khmer Rouge reign of terror, only 14 are believed to have survived. The long-delayed genocide trials may start later this year. Many fear the group's surviving leaders could die before being brought to justice. The movement's chief, Pol Pot, died in 1998. One of Duch's fellow defendants, former Khmer Rouge Foreign Minister Ieng Sary, was hospitalised last week with persistent urinary tract problems, Reach Sambath said on Monday.

The trial of the main Khmer Rouge prison chief is finally drawing to a close after months of international publicity. Phnom Penh, Cambodia. (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)

The trial of the main Khmer Rouge prison chief is finally drawing to a close after months of international publicity. (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)