THE LIVING CELL: AN INTRODUCTION

03/14/66 C0000245 MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA: CELL - LEVEL EFFECTS OF WEIGHTLESSNESS WILL BE STUDIED BY GEMINI VIII: (FROG EGG EXPERIMENT) UNCUT "WEIGHTLESSNESS" SHOWS: FROG EGGS: EGG ARE DISTRIBUTED AMONG PLACING "O" SEALS AT THE END OF EACH CHANNEL: SPRING LOADED ACTUATOR IS BEING MOUNTED: MR SEBESTA SECURES THE MECHANISM OVER THE FOUR CYLINDERS: EGGS ARL SECURED FROM FROG AND PLACED IN DISHES: EGG ARE INSERTED IN CHAMBERS: MICRO - PHOTO OF EGGS: (SHOT 3 /14/66 - 150FT) SPACE RESEARCH - GT 8 SPACE MEDICINE NASA / 150FT / 16 - POS / R13028

Cell Division or Cloning Cells

Animation of the uterus and ovaries showing the changes that occur over the 28 days of the menstrual cycle. The cycle begins with menstruation (a period), during which the thick lining of the uterus is shed through the cervix and vagina. After this, rising levels of oestrogen promote redevelopment of the lining. In the ovary, fast-rising levels of luteinising hormone stimulate ovulation, the release of an ovum (pink), at day 14. This travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus. If it is not fertilised it degenerates within a day or so. The remaining part of the ovum's follicle in the ovary develops into a large yellow corpus luteum, which produces large amounts of progesterone. This in turn promotes new production of oestrogen, and inhibits LH and FSH production. Without LH and FSH the corpus luteum degenerates, and falling levels of progesterone and oestrogen lead to the spiral arteries in the endometrium atrophying, and the lining is shed at the start of the next cycle.

CU of worker bees surrounding queen bee egg, supplying her with nutritious royal pollen. After 5 days, the cell becomes bigger and more bees come to generate warmth. After 10 days, the wax melts and is ready to hatch.

Various grunion fish are shown squirming inside of fish egg membranes through a microscope lens.

Shots, through microscope, of frog's eggs. Similar shot of eggs, cells dividing inside outer membrane.

Needs Description

Mill Hill, London <br/> <br/>Shots of the Duke talking with Dr. Isaacs of the World Influenza Centre who shows the Duke how the eggs are injected. Close shots of the eggs. Duke looking at the virus in multiple cells. Various shots of the Duke in the Division of Chemotherapy looking through microscope at Bacteria of Amoebia, and other diseases caused by parasites. Duke arriving at entrance to Institute, met by the Director Sir Charles Harington. Duke entering building. Various shots of the Duke in the Division of Bacteriology and Virus Research and seeing eggs injected with the Influenza Virus. Various shots of eggs and woman blowing through a tube in the laboratory. (Lav.) <br/> <br/>Note: The footage is affected by variable light

From a early 1920s educational film on health and hygiene for girls. Clip focuses on sexual education, targeted to a female audience. Female organs and their functions are identified on an inanimate model in the United States. Sex glands shown on the inanimate model. Reproductive system overview with summary that healthy condition of these organs makes for happy wife hood and successful motherhood. The reproductive system shows ovaries, egg cells and fallopian tubes through which the egg cells reach uterus. `A fertilized ovum grows into a baby in the uterus. Vagina is the tube opening outward from the uterus. Reproductive system diagram depicts a male sperm cell fertilizing an ovum within the body of mother. An animated diagram shows that for nine months the child is kept warm, protected and fed within the womb. A fetus grows in the womb and the child is pushed out through the vagina into the outer world. A nurse cleans and bathes an infant child in a wash tub basin. Reproductive system depicts menstrual flow. Location: United States USA. Date: 1922.

LOOKS AT EGG & SPERM CELLS AS CLUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY ORGANIZED CELLS WHICH CAN DEVELOP INTO COMPLEX INDIVIDUALS. DIAGRAMS SPERM OF SEVERAL ANIMALS, STRESSING THEIR LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS. DISPLAYS A MODEL OF A HUMAN SPERM, POINTING OUT THE FUNCTIONS OF ITS COMPONENT PARTS. DEMONSTRATES PROCEDURES USED IN MAKING AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SLIDE OF SPERM, & ANIMATES THE PRODUCTION OF SPERM CELLS. CONCLUDES WITH AN EXAMINATION OF THE FORMATION OF A HEN'S EGG. ANIMAL EGGS. LARGE EGG. MAN STANDING IN FRONT OF TABLE. PETRI DISHES WITH CELLS & EGGS. SCIENCE CLASSROOM-LIKE SET. SPERM CELLS OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS ON CHART. HUMAN, TURTLE, TOAD, MOUSE, KANGAROO, SNAIL. HUMAN SPERM ATTACKING EGG. MIRCOSCOPIC IMAGE. HUGE SPERM MODEL. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. GIRL DOING EXPERIMENT. TEST TUBE. PLASTIC BLOCK EMBEDDED WITH SPERM CUT TO ULTRA THIN SLICES FOR MICROSCOPIC VIEWING. PHOTOS OF MICROSCOPIC SPERM. CELLS. FERTILIZATION INSIDE THE TESTES. SPERM CELLS IN VARIOUS STAGES OF FORMATION. ANIMATION OF SPERM CELLS BEING FORMED. EGGS OF MAMMALS. MAN BREAKS CHICKEN EGG INTO DISH OF WATER. FOOTAGE OF AN OVARY. NUCLEUS. CYTOPLASM. FOOTAGE OF A FROG EGG IN THE BODY

CLINTON TOUTS STEM CELL RESEARCH GRANTS.

HUMAN BODY COMPILATION:Red blood cells, Film-51H blood vessels, DNA spiral Computer animation - very good sequences, Film-51L microscopic view blood T cells, auto immune system immunity body defense system AIDS infection, x-ray view skeleton, ribs, FILM-51-O T/L nerve growth, Ultrasound heart, Cardiography, Film-51P Genetic fingerprinting in lab, Film-51R Amniocentesis Embryo, ultrasound performed by doctor on pregnant woman, embryo on ultrasound screen (really good), 00:21:27, Film-51BD computer animated pregnant woman, naked body (cool), live flesh naked pregnant belly CU (no breasts or face viz), done over a period of months to show progression/growth of pregnancy,Film-51B-I microcirculation blood capillaries, 00:36:00, Film-51BK Human Fetus and human embryo, Film-51BM Human ovum fertilization sperm and egg, Film-51BN Human egg and sperm, Film-51BZ Sperm and egg pregnant woman, cell division, beginning of life! From egg to baby...microscopic view of blood through veins, Film-38G Endoscopy, ie where they stick that tube with a camera on it inside you, more sperm and egg, Film-38H Nerve cells brain (don't know which one this is), Film38AA Endoscope of trachea and bronchi (down throat and lungs)

NAME: US CLONES 20071411Ix TAPE: EF07/1376 IN_TIME: 10:15:50:14 DURATION: 00:01:26:14 SOURCES: AP Television DATELINE: Portland, 14 Nov 2007 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST ++ PLEASE NOTE :Mandatory Courtesy: "Produced by ScienCentral, Inc. Funded in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ESI-0515449" with link to www.sciencentral.com <http://www.sciencentral.com> 1. Various of researcher Shoukrat Mitalipov at cloning instrument 2. Close-up of cloning dish 3. Zoom in on cell donor monkey 4. Close-up of beating heart cells 5. Mitalipov pointing to the cells on monitor 6. Mitalipov at desk looking at the cells on monitor +++AUDIO AS INCOMING+++ 7. SOUNDBITE: ( English) Shoukrat Mitalipov, Researcher, Oregon National Primate Research Centre: "It's probably will be much, much sooner than we anticipated. The science and technology develop so fast. So hopefully it's not going to be 20 years, hopefully within five, 10 years, we will have first therapeutic application of these cells." 8. Various cloning process on monitor 9. Close-up of cloning dish 10. Various of Mitalopov looking into microscope 11. Monkeys at primate centre +++AUDIO AS INCOMING+++ 12. SOUNDBITE: ( English) Shoukrat Mitalipov, Researcher, Oregon National Primate Research Centre: "If we prove that, you know, these embryonic stem cells have great potential in curing many, many diseases then I think the society will accept this as a medical treatment." 13. Various of Mitalipov working in lab STORYLINE: American scientists at the Oregon National Primate Centre in Portland reported on Wednesday that they had cloned embryos from a 9-year-old male monkey and derived stem cells from them, reaching a long-sought goal that may pay off someday in new treatments for people. The work was published online by the journal Nature, which took the unusual step of asking another team of researchers to verify the work before publication. That reflects the legacy of a spectacular fraud in stem cell research from South Korea several years ago. The new work is important because someday researchers hope to use such a process in humans to make transplant tissue that's genetically matched to patients, thus avoiding the risk of rejection. The scientists combined DNA from skin cells of the monkey with unfertilised monkey eggs that had their own DNA removed. The eggs were then grown into early embryos, from which stem cells were removed. In doing so, they reached a long-sought goal that may someday lead to new treatments for people. The scientist behind the research, Shoukhrat Mitalipov, of the Oregon National Primate Research Centre said technology was helping to push the research forward, which would benefit society. "It's probably will be much, much sooner than we anticipated. The science and technology develop so fast. So hopefully it's not going to be 20 years, hopefully within five, 10 years, we will have first therapeutic application of these cells," he said. Mitalipov's team of researchers who've applied for a patent on their procedure, merged skin cells of a 9-year-old rhesus macaque male with unfertilised monkey eggs that had the DNA removed. The eggs, now operating with DNA from the skin cells, grew into early embryos in the laboratory. Stem cells were recovered from these embryos. Someday researchers hope to use such a process in humans to make transplant tissue that's genetically matched to patients, thus avoiding the risk of rejection. However, there are many ethical and political issues to contend with from opposing quarters, not least from the US President George Bush who has twice vetoed a stem cell research bill. But Mitalipov is standing by his research said he hopes society will eventually come round: "If we prove that, you know, these embryonic stem cells have great potential in curing many, many diseases then I think the society will accept this as a medical treatment," he said. The researchers warn that even if the procedure could be used to produce human stem cells, it's far too inefficient to be used in medicine. Human unfertilised eggs are in short supply and are cumbersome to obtain. The monkey work required 304 eggs from 14 female macaques to produce just two batches of stem cells.

In the Beginning

A cameraman adjusts a microscope as he records footage through the microscope. A grunion fish egg is captured through the lens of a microscope. An arrow points out the outer membrane of the fish egg.

00:00:00:00 - repeats at :12:00 - :40 cnn graphicsno font needed00:00:00 00:00:48 animation showing egg being fertilized then multiplying and cells being harvested (0:00)/

Item title reads - Busy Bees! Location unknown. <br/> <br/>L/S of rows of beehives. C/U of the bees on the cell. C/U of bee eggs, C/U of the bees at different stages of development, 1 1/2 days old, (just looks like a small maggot), 2 1/2 days later, (bigger, fatter maggot) 6 days nearly fully developed but still looking maggot-like. M/S of queen bee creeping out, she crawls over the cells. These bees are being bred for exportation. <br/> <br/>M/S of artificial queen cells being made by dipping pegs in wax, they are provided with gland juice from natural queen cells, various shots of process. The Larvae are transferred from the hive where they develop. M/S as man brushes bees from a cell and holds it up. C/U of the queen bee in a small container, M/S as a man picks another bee up and puts it into a box.

This color film produced by NASA, an Aeronautics and Space Report has five segments. The first is 3 Man Apollo (:29). The Apollo mission is to get man to the moon and back safely. The early Mercury and Gemini missions have advanced to the first 3-man crew (:32-:47). Shown are the Apollo 1 astronauts: command pilot Virgil Grissom, senior pilot Edward White, and Roger Chaffee board, ready to do final testing (:48-1:45). [A cabin fire during this launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967 will kill all three.] The second segment is Zero “G” (1:45). Weightlessness is tested in various ways (1:46-2:08). The Zero-G facility is located at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland (2:09-2:29). A vacuum chamber extending 510 feet below ground allows objects to be hurled up and fall back down, creating 10 seconds of weightlessness (2:30-2:54). Cameras record testing various liquids at 0-G (2:57-3:06). Segment three is Biosatellite (3:14). Biosatellites test how 0-G weightlessness affects biology, including cell division, plant growth, and radiation exposure. (3:15-3:37). NASA wanted these small biosatellite capsules to study such things as sleep, blood circulation, and brain activity. It included cells, eggs, plants, and a primate named Bonnie (3:39-4:20). [While three biosatellites were launched between 1966 and 1969, the limited results resulted in the other planned missions to be cancelled.] Segment four is Switchboard in the Sky (5:02). The first Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) was launched December 7, 1966. Its three-year purpose was to test experimental systems for improving weather forecasts and radio and television communications (5:04-5:18). The spacecraft was launched by an Atlas-Agena rocket (5:20-5:32). It took an entire day’s changing cloud patterns; giving weathermen the first continuous view of developing storms (5:31-5:45). A new system of communicating with aircraft was showcased at a press conference at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (5:46-7:00). They also showed how ATS can also be used to relay color TV (7:01-7:22) and serve as an international telephone switchboard (7:23-7:50. [The ATS-1 sent useful data for six years. Five more were launched from 1967-1974]. Segment 5 is Spacecraft Research for the Future (7:52). NASA test pilot Bruce Peterson (inspiration for the TV show The Six-Million Dollar Man) emerges after the first successful flight of the HL-10 lifting body aircraft [later known as a VTOL] on December 22, 1966 (7:53-8:08). The HL-10 was dropped from a B-52 at 45,000 feet (8:10-8:35). Rocket engines will give it more power in the future (8:36-8:52). <p><p>We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment! See something interesting? Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example like: "01:00:12:00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference."<p><p>This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

WALKS UP TO SIGN. USES POINTER. AMOEBA MOVING AROUND. CROSS SECTION OF A HUMAN BODY. MICROSCOPIC ONE-CELLED ORGANISMS. MAN HOLDS WEIRD GEOMETRIC SHAPE. LARGE MODELS OF CELL UNITS. MAN HITS OSTRICH EGG WITH SMALL HAMMER & BREAKS IT OPEN. HUGE EGG YOLK. MAN AT BLACKBOARD. WATER SWIRLING AROUND LIKE A TORNADO. WHIRLPOOL

Shots of model of DNA molecule. Two microphotography shots of boar sperm (40x, 50x). Several microphotography shots of frog's egg, some dividing (20x). Microphotography shots of blood cells, sickle cells (600x, 1200x).

THE WHITE HOUSE HAS RELEASED RULES WHICH MAY FOSTER DRAMATIC HEALTH ADVANCES.