RESEARCHERS AT OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WOOSTER ARE "GLOWING" WITH SATISFACTION BECAUSE A YEAR-OLD PLANT EXPERIMENT IS GETTING NATIONAL ATTENTION.

PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Time-lapse light microscope footage of a culture of PC-3 prostate cancer cells. PC-3 is one of the cell lines used in advanced prostate cancer research, and in assessing the response of such cancers to chemotherapeutic agents. Some of the cells contain green fluorescent protein (GFP), which fluoresces under blue light and is used in gene expression investigations.

NAME: TAI PIGS 20060113I TAPE: EF06/0037 IN_TIME: 10:32:04:16 DURATION: 00:02:45:01 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION DATELINE: Taipei - 13 Jan 2006 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST 1. Various of assistant professor at the Institute of Animal Science and Technology at the National Taiwan University Wu Shinn-Chih washing pigs with hose 2. Green pig amongst other pigs in laboratory pen 3. Various of pigs and Wu feeding pigs 4. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Wu Shinn-Chih, assistant professor at the Institute of Animal Science and Technology at the National Taiwan University: "In the very beginning, we found this green protein extracted from jelly fish and injected to a nucleus of a pig embryo to breed pigs. Only one in a hundred will successfully be transgenic. When the embryo grows and becomes a pig, the pig will be fluorescent that glows in the dark." 5. Various of another green pig in pigsty STORYLINE A research team at Taiwan's leading National Taiwan University claims it has succeeded in breeding three male green pigs by injecting fluorescent green protein into embryonic pigs. There are partially green pigs elsewhere in the world but the Taiwanese pigs are said to be the only ones that are green from inside out, including their hearts and internal organs. The pigs are said to glow in the dark. It is reportedly expected that they will be used in stem cell research and the study of several human diseases. Keyword-animals -science-technology

Plant protoplasts, fluorescence microscopy. Protoplasts are plant cells without cell wall A protoplast is a plant cell that has had its tough outer cell wall removed by chemical treatment. This leaves an intact cell with its contents surrounded by its plasma membrane. The cell wall can later be regrown. These protoplasts are from an Arabidopsis (thale cress) plant. Chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis, are shown in red. This fluorescence microscopy was carried out using green fluorescent protein (GFP).

NAME: SWE NOBEL 20081008I TAPE: EF08/1021 IN_TIME: 10:47:06:16 DURATION: 00:01:33:22 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION DATELINE: Stockholm - 8 Oct 2008 RESTRICTIONS: AP Clients Only SHOTLIST 1. Wide exterior of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science (RSAS) 2. Close of sign on building, reading (Swedish) Royal Swedish Academy of Science 3. Cutaway cameramen 4. Members of Academy entering news conference 5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Gunnar Oquist, Permanent Secretary of the RSAS: "The Royal Swedish Academy of Science has decided to award the Nobel prize in Chemistry for the year 2008, jointly to Professor Martin Chalfie, Columbia University in New York, Professor Osamu Shimomura, Woods Hole Institute of Oceanography, Woods Hole and Professor Roger Tsien, University of California, San Diego. And the Academy citation runs: For the discovery and development of the green florescent protein, GFP." 6. Picture of Shimomura, Chalfie and Tsien on screen 7. Reporters taking notes 8. Wide of news conference STORYLINE: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said on Wednesday that Japan's Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien have won the Nobel chemistry prize. The academy said Wednesday they share the prize for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP, which was first seen in jellyfish. Their work has helped scientists study how cancer cells spread. Shimomura first isolated GFP from a jellyfish found off the west coast of North America in 1962 and discovered that it glowed bright green under ultraviolet light. The academy said in its citation that in the 1990s, Chalfie showed GFP's value "as a luminous genetic tag," while Tsien contributed "to our general understanding of how GFP fluoresces."

Snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

NAME: STILL PIG 20060112I TAPE: EF06/0035 IN_TIME: 10:41:09:16 DURATION: 00:00:20:03 SOURCES: AP PHOTOS DATELINE: Taipei - 11 Jan 2006 RESTRICTIONS: see script SHOTLIST AP PHOTOS - No Access Taiwan/Canada/Internet 1. STILL of transgenic green pig jostling with normal pigs in pen STORYLINE A research team at Taiwan's leading National Taiwan University claims it has succeeded in breeding three male green pigs by injecting fluorescent green protein into embryonic pigs. There are partially green pigs elsewhere in the world but the Taiwanese pigs are said to be the only ones that are green from inside out, including their hearts and internal organs. The pigs are said to glow in the dark. It is reportedly expected that they will be used in stem cell research and the study of several human diseases. Keyword-animals bizarre

Snakelocks anemones (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

NAME: WORLD NOBEL 2 20081008I TAPE: EF08/1022 IN_TIME: 11:20:43:04 DURATION: 00:04:30:01 SOURCES: AP Television/Various DATELINE: Various, 8 Oct 2008 RESTRICTIONS: See Script SHOTLIST AP Television Stockholm, Sweden 1. Close of sign on building (Swedish): "Swedish Royal Swedish Academy of Science" (RSAS) 2. Camera crews 3. Members of Academy entering news conference 4. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Gunnar Oquist, Permanent Secretary of the RSAS: "The Royal Swedish Academy of Science has decided to award the Nobel prize in Chemistry for the year 2008, jointly to Professor Martin Chalfie, Columbia University in New York, Professor Osamu Shimomura, Woods Hole Institute of Oceanography, Woods Hole and Professor Roger Tsien, University of California, San Diego. And the Academy citation runs: For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP." AP Television New York, New York, US 5. Martin Chalfie, joint winner of Nobel Prize in chemistry, walking down street with dog 6. SOUNDBITE (English) Martin Chalfie, American scientist and Nobel Prize winner in chemistry: "In a sense, one hopes about this. You have people over the years that say that the work that you've done is something that they would consider that you might get awarded for, you sort of start to say, well, I wonder if they're right, and so you don't think about it, it's not something out of the blue. But you never know if it's going to come or when it's going to come, so it's always a big surprise when it actually happens." 7. Chalfie and daughter holding pet dog posing for photographs 8. More of Chalfie walking along street with dog AP Television Woods Hole, Massachusetts 9. Wide of Osamu Shimomura being officially congratulated by colleagues AP Television Woods Hole, Massachusetts 10. SOUNDBITE (English) Osamu Shimomura, Nobel Prize winner in chemistry: "This morning I had a call at five am while I am in a deep sleep. My wife answered the call and told me it was from Stockholm. At that moment, I think she knew already. I knew something. When I heard that chemistry award was awarded to me, I am very, very surprised because I had not expected a chemistry award because my subject was... my accomplishment was just the discovery of a protein. I don't think I had any inclination for chemistry." AP Television San Diego, California, US 11. Wide shot of Roger Tsien walking to podium 12. SOUNDBITE (English) Roger Tsien, Nobel Prize winner for chemistry: "Well, thank you all for coming and being so warm in your congratulations. There is not much I can say but to just thank the mobs and mobs of people who've been involved in lots of ways. And, of course, I'm really delighted to share with my colleagues, Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie, who I've known for quite a while, and whose work is really, of course, is what made all of this possible." University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Handout FILE: Date and Location Unknown 13. Video showing samples of Tsien's research, specimen glows blue and then green ++MUTE++ 14. Video showing samples of Tsien's research, different specks of light showing through specimen ++MUTE++ AP Television San Diego, California, US - 08 October 2008 15. SOUNDBITE (English) Roger Tsien, Nobel Prize winner for chemistry: "The native protein glows blue, and the job of GFP does seem to be to change it to green, but it doesn't even do a very efficient job at it. So it's as if the jellyfish is sort of half-hearted and sort of sometimes wants to be bluish and sometimes wants to be greenish, and we don't understand that. And finally, we don't understand if it wanted to be blue, why didn't it fix the first protein and instead it chose to invent this protein that's been so useful to so many people and is responsible for the three of us getting this honour today. So, let's also toast the jellyfish at some stage." 16. Tsien holding champagne glass a colleague is filling 17. Cutaway of media in the room 18. Tsien taking sip of champagne, pull out STORYLINE Three Unites States-based scientists won the Nobel Prize for chemistry on Wednesday for turning a glowing green protein from jellyfish into a revolutionary way to watch the tiniest details of life within cells and living creatures. Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien along with Osamu Shimomura, a Japanese citizen who works in the United States were announced as joint winners of the prize at a ceremony Royal Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm. The men all played a vital role in discovering and developing green fluorescent protein, or what's now known as GFP. Researchers worldwide now use GFP to track such processes as the development of brain cells, the growth of tumours and the spread of cancer cells. The technology has allowed scientists to study nerve cell damage from Alzheimer's disease and see how insulin-producing beta cells arise in the pancreas of a growing embryo, for example. The academy compared the impact of GFP on science to the invention of the microscope. When exposed to ultraviolet light, the protein glows green, acting as a tracer to expose the movements of other, invisible proteins it is attached to as they go about their business. It can also be used to mark particular cells in a tissue and show when and where particular genes turn on and off. Tsien developed GFP-like proteins that produced a variety of colours so that multiple proteins or cells can be followed simultaneously. Shimomura and a colleague found GFP in material they extracted from about 10-thousand jellyfish they had recovered off the coast of the state of Washington in the US. They reported in 1962 that it glowed bright green under ultraviolet light. Some 30 years later, Chalfie showed that the GFP gene could make individual nerve cells in a tiny worm glow bright green. Tsien later extended the scientific palette to a variety of colours. Shimomura, 80, works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the Boston University Medical School. Chalfie, 61, is a professor at Columbia University in New York, while Tsien, 56, is a professor at the University of California, San Diego. In an interview in New York, Chalfie said he slept through the Nobel committee's phone calls early on Wednesday and only found out about the prize when he checked the Nobel website to see who had won. Shimomura said his wife took a call from Stockholm while he too was in a deep sleep. During a press conference in San Diego, Tsien thanked his colleagues, fellow Nobel Prize recipients, and "the mobs and mobs of people who've been involved in lots of ways" in his research. Tsien then raised a glass of champagne in celebration, calling on those present to "toast the jellyfish" that led to the breakthrough. The trio will split the 1.4 million (m) US dollar award.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

NAME: US NOBEL 2 20081008I TAPE: EF08/1022 IN_TIME: 10:36:59:23 DURATION: 00:02:40:20 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION/AP Photos DATELINE: Various - 8 Oct 2008 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST: AP Television New York 1. Wide of Martin Chalfie, winner of Nobel Prize in chemistry, walking down street with dog 2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Martin Chalfie, American scientist and Nobel Prize winner in chemistry: "In a sense, one hopes about this. You have people over the years that say that the work that you've done is something that they would consider that you might get awarded for, you sort of start to say, well, I wonder if they're right, and so you don't think about it, it's not something out of the blue. But you never know if it's going to come or when it's going to come, so it's always a big surprise when it actually happens." 3. Chalfie and daughter holding pet dog posing for photographs 4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Martin Chalfie, American scientist and Nobel Prize winner in chemistry: "We can label cells and look at the nature of infection by virus or bacteria for people who are interested in metastasis (the spread of diseased cells within the body). They can label cells and follow cancer cells. People have used green fluorescent protein, GFP, in many ways to study basic fundamental properties of cells and that's the basis of our understanding of disease, and also important for our development of new biotechnologies as well." 5. Chalfie walking along street with dog 6. Wide of apartment block AP Photos- No Access Canada/For Broadcast use only - Strictly No Access Online or Mobile Falmouth, Massachusetts 7. STILL Osamu Shimomura, Nobel Prize winner AP Television Woods Hole, Massachusetts 8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Osamu Shimomura, Nobel Prize winner: "This morning I had a call at five am while I am in a deep sleep. My wife answered the call and told me it was from Stockholm. At that moment, I think she knew already. I knew something. When I heard that chemistry award was awarded to me, I am very, very surprised because I had not expected a chemistry award because my subject was... my accomplishment was just the discovery of a protein. I don't think I had any inclination for chemistry." AP Photos- No Access Canada/For Broadcast use only - Strictly No Access Online or Mobile Falmouth, Massachusetts 9. STILL Osamu Shimomura, Nobel Prize winner (repeat Shot 7) STORYLINE: Two Americans and a US-based Japanese scientist won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for discovering and developing a glowing jellyfish protein that revolutionised the ability to study disease and normal development in living organisms. Japan's Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien shared the prize for their work on green fluorescent protein, or GFP, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. Researchers worldwide now use GFP to track such processes as the development of brain cells, the growth of tumours and the spread of cancer cells. It has let them study nerve cell damage from Alzheimer's disease and see how insulin-producing beta cells arise in the pancreas of a growing embryo, for example. The academy compared the impact of GFP on science to the invention of the microscope. In an interview in New York, American winner Martin Chalfie expressed his surprise, and said he slept through the Nobel committee's phone calls early on Wednesday, only finding out about the prize when he checked the Nobel Web site to see who had won. "You have people over the years that say that the work that you've done is something that they would consider that you might get awarded for, you sort of start to say, well, I wonder if they're right, and so you don't think about it, it's not something out of the blue. But you never know if it's going to come or when it's going to come, so it's always a big surprise when it actually happens," he said. Chalfie showed that the GFP gene could make individual nerve cells in a tiny worm glow bright green. Chalfie, 61, is a professor at Columbia University in New York. Shimomura said he didn't hear the five am phone call from Stockholm but his wife answered it. "I think she knew already," he said. Shimomura played down his achievement. The trio will split the 1.4 million (m) US dollar award.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

Macro view of the tentacles of a snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis). The tentacles of this sea anemone fluoresce under blue light. It inhabits rocky shores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, catching prey with its stinging tentacles. The tentacles also contain symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae, which produce nutrients for the anemone, so it is usually found in shallow sunny locations. Filmed in Wales, UK.

Snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) fluorescing. This sea anemone has been illuminated by blue light, which excites the green fluorescent protein (GFP) contained in the chlorophyll of its zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae found in the anemone's tissues. The protein absorbs the blue light and emits it as lower-energy green light. The zooxanthellae have a symbiotic relationship with the anemone, producing food through photosynthesis. The anemone also feeds on plankton, small fish, molluscs and crustaceans, which it catches with its long stinging tentacles. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This specimen was collected from a rockpool on the Pembrokeshire coast, Wales, UK.

Snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) fluorescing. This sea anemone has been illuminated by blue light, which excites the green fluorescent protein (GFP) contained in the chlorophyll of its zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae found in the anemone's tissues. The protein absorbs the blue light and emits it as lower-energy green light. The zooxanthellae have a symbiotic relationship with the anemone, producing food through photosynthesis. The anemone also feeds on plankton, small fish, molluscs and crustaceans, which it catches with its long stinging tentacles. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This specimen was collected from a rockpool on the Pembrokeshire coast, Wales, UK.

Snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) fluorescing. This sea anemone has been illuminated by blue light, which excites the green fluorescent protein (GFP) contained in the chlorophyll of its zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae found in the anemone's tissues. The protein absorbs the blue light and emits it as lower-energy green light. The zooxanthellae have a symbiotic relationship with the anemone, producing food through photosynthesis. The anemone also feeds on plankton, small fish, molluscs and crustaceans, which it catches with its long stinging tentacles. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This specimen was collected from a rockpool on the Pembrokeshire coast, Wales, UK.

Snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) fluorescing. This sea anemone has been illuminated by blue light, which excites the green fluorescent protein (GFP) contained in the chlorophyll of its zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae found in the anemone's tissues. The protein absorbs the blue light and emits it as lower-energy green light. The zooxanthellae have a symbiotic relationship with the anemone, producing food through photosynthesis. The anemone also feeds on plankton, small fish, molluscs and crustaceans, which it catches with its long stinging tentacles. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This specimen was collected from a rockpool on the Pembrokeshire coast, Wales, UK.