CS VO BARRIE DUNSMORE ON A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) CONFERENCE ON THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS). 00:30 Mcu of WHO director Jonathan Mann who says aids cannot be spread through casual contact. Mcu of aids researcher doctor Luc Montagnier working in his laboratory. Soundbite of Montagnier who says he doesn't have the solution to the aids crisis. WS of panelists at the conference. Blank to end. CI: PERSONALITIES: MANN, JONATHAN. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. HEALTH: DISEASE, AIDS.

Photographs of the French researchers Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier who discovered the virus that caused AIDS and German scientist Harald Zur Hausen who discovered the Human Papilloma Virus that causes cervical cancer. The three received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2008.

PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN MAKES SPEECH AT NIH WITH THE AIDS COMMISSION,

Luc Montagnier, premio Nobel de Medicina por el descubrimiento del virus del sida, falleció el martes a la edad de 89 años en el hospital americano de Neuilly-sur-Seine, cerca de París, anunció el jueves el alcalde de la ciudad, Jean-Christophe Fromantin (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)

CS VO BARRIE DUNSMORE ON A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) CONFERENCE ON THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS). 00:30 Mcu of WHO director Jonathan Mann who says aids cannot be spread through casual contact. Mcu of aids researcher doctor Luc Montagnier working in his laboratory. Soundbite of Montagnier who says he doesn't have the solution to the aids crisis. WS of panelists at the conference. Blank to end. CI: PERSONALITIES: MANN, JONATHAN. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. HEALTH: DISEASE, AIDS.

File images of Luc Montagnier, who won the Nobel prize for medicine for his co-discovery of the HIV virus that causes AIDS (Footage by AFPTV via Getty Images)

CS VO BARRIE DUNSMORE ON A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) CONFERENCE ON THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS). 00:30 Mcu of WHO director Jonathan Mann who says aids cannot be spread through casual contact. Mcu of aids researcher doctor Luc Montagnier working in his laboratory. Soundbite of Montagnier who says he doesn't have the solution to the aids crisis. WS of panelists at the conference. Blank to end. CI: PERSONALITIES: MANN, JONATHAN. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. HEALTH: DISEASE, AIDS.

Royal Special: The Prince & Princess of Wales in France; FRANCE: Paris: Pasteur Institute: INT Diana, Princess of Wales (wearing black and white jacket) speaking to Luc Montagnier (French virologist) Diana along and meeting various staff at Institute EXT / NIGHT Bateux Mouches Seine cruises from across river Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales (wearing black evening gown) along to boat River cruise boat along INT BOAT General views of food for guests, including lobster courses R-L of dinner guests at table Charles examining menu Diana in conversation EXT Cruise boat along under bridge INT BOAT Chanteuse singing SOT Charles and Diana listening EXT Low angle view of Eiffel Tower from boat Views of Seine riverbank from boat, including Notre Dame Cathedral Boat along under bridge INT Various shots of food being cooked Various shots of children being served 'English' school dinners Close shots of British cheese and minced pies Man describing minced pies to French boy with dinner Various of children eating 'English' dinners Wide shot of cafeteria with children eating EXT POINT OF VIEW (POV) shot along past children outside school General views of children holding Great British flag themed lunchboxes.

CS VO BARRIE DUNSMORE ON A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) CONFERENCE ON THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS). 00:30 Mcu of WHO director Jonathan Mann who says aids cannot be spread through casual contact. Mcu of aids researcher doctor Luc Montagnier working in his laboratory. Soundbite of Montagnier who says he doesn't have the solution to the aids crisis. WS of panelists at the conference. Blank to end. CI: PERSONALITIES: MANN, JONATHAN. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. HEALTH: DISEASE, AIDS.

Royal Special: The Prince & Princess of Wales in France; FRANCE: Paris: EXT Various exterior shots of Pasteur Institute INT Diana, Princess of Wales (wearing black and white jacket) along and being shown laboratories by Luc Montagnier (French virologist) Diana looking through microscope at cells infected with AIDS virus

NATS FTG OF UNESCO AIDS SUMMIT / LUC MONTAGNIER - AIDS RESEARCHER PRESSER / AIDS IN AFRICA / QUICK Q AND A W/ MONTAGNIER

Origin of the AIDS disease:; FRANCE: Paris: INT CMS Prof Luc Montagnier (Pasteur Inst) intvwd SOF - HIV is the cause of AIDS helped by other factors

COVERAGE OF THE SEVENTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME). 00:00:43:11 VS AS A RESEARCHER DISCUSSES HIS STUDY ON THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV). 00:10:24:11 PRESS CONFERENCE WITH RESEARCHERS WHO RESPOND TO QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR WORK. CU AS DOCTOR LUC MONTAGNIER, OF THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE, RESPONDS TO QUESTIONS. VS OF THE OTHER PANEL MEMBERS RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS. CI: PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. CONFERENCES: INTERNATIONAL, AIDS. HEALTH: DISEASES, AIDS.

AIDS conference: Day 1; ITN SWEDEN: Stockholm: Conference Centre: EXT MS Delegates of all races along path L-R INT MS Delegates along thru foyer PAN L-R CMS Oriental delegate wandering around foyer CMS Bearded delegate wandering through foyer PAN L-R MS British delegates stand chatting CMS VEITCH I/C SOF MS Group of delegates stand chatting CMS Male delegate listens to conversation PAN R-L as others around MS SIDE Group of delegates standing listening CMS PROF MICHAEL ADLER (Middx Hosp) INTVW SOF (Hopes for further tranche of money for AIDS research outside of that already allocated for other programmes): - The original money -- apart from AIDS CMS GEOFFREY SCHILD (AIDS Research Dir MRC) INTVW SOF (Govt getting good value for money for AIDS research prog / feels confident that new treatments will be forthcoming for AIDS sufferers): - The government's -- there will be" MS Robert Gallow (US delegate) speaking to conference at lectern TCMS Prof Luc Montagnier (French delegate) seated listening LA Gallow speaking at lectern LS Gallow at lectern as delegates in BV

COVER VIDEO OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) AT THE WASHINGTON HILTON HOTEL IN WASHINGTON, DC. 08:29:59:13 doctor george galasso introduces the chairman of the days session doctor david sonwall, administrator of the health resources and services administration. 08:31:54:06 sonwall introduces doctor luc montagnier, head of the pasteur institutes's aids program, who talks about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). CI: PERSONALITIES: GALASSO, GEORGE. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. PERSONALITIES: SONWALL, DAVID. HEALTH: DISEASES, AIDS.

NAME: WORLD NOBEL3 20081006I TAPE: EF08/1014 IN_TIME: 11:01:45:23 DURATION: 00:02:21:17 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION/RTL/AP Photos DATELINE: Various - 6 Oct 2008 / File RESTRICTIONS: See Script SHOTLIST: RTL - No Access Germany, Austria (except: Infoscreen, ATV+), German-speaking Switzerland (except: Telezueri), Luxemburg and Alto Adige Heidelberg, Germany - 6 October 2008 1. Harald zur Hausen, joint 2008 Nobel Prize winner, receiving applause from his colleagues, outside building 2. Cutaway of Zur Hausen holding his glasses 3. Zur Hausen walking to microphones, being applauded 4. SOUNDBITE (German) Harald zur Hausen, joint winner of 2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine: "I did not expect a Nobel Prize. How can you expect a Nobel Prize? It's always like a little lottery. I only knew that I had been nominated on occasion, and I knew that I was nominated this year." ++NIGHT SHOTS++ AP TELEVISION Phnom Penh, Cambodia - 6 October 2008 5. Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, joint 2008 Nobel Prize winner, talking on mobile 6. SOUNDBITE (English) Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, joint winner of 2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine: "I don't know what to say, it is a big surprise for me, I am very moved, and I think it's a very important recognition of the science in Europe, in France in particular. For me, I am very glad that he did this announcement when I am in Cambodia because for me there is a cooperation between France, the national agency for AIDS research, and the developing countries, in particular Cambodia, it is very important." 7. Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, joint 2008 Nobel Prize winner, talking on mobile AP Television Abidjan, Ivory Coast - 6 October 2008 8. Back shot of President of Ivory Coast, Laurent Gbagbo, shaking hands with Leading AIDS researcher Luc Montagnier of France 9. SOUNDBITE: (French) Luc Montagnier, joint winner of 2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine: "I am honoured to share this award with my collaborator and I think there are others who also deserve it as well as the two of us. With this, the Stockholm committee sends a strong message that shows that AIDS is a health problem for the entire world and we need to support research because AIDS is an epidemic that is ever present." 10. Montagnier seated in audience in presidency room 11. Close-up of man listening 12. Various of audience at international AIDS meeting in Abidjan 13. Leaflet on AIDS 14. Montagnier talking AP Photos - No Access Canada/For Broadcast use only - Strictly No Access Online or Mobile FILE: Paris, France - 14 July 2003 15. STILL of Leading AIDS researcher Luc Montagnier of France addressing the 2nd International AIDS Society Conference on HIV pathogenesis and treatment AP Television FILE: Paris, France - 5 June 2006 16. Mid of Montagnier speaking during interview 17. Photos on wall of Montagnier with celebrities 18. Montagnier speaking 19. Shelf with books on AIDS 20. Side shot of Montagnier STORYLINE: Three European scientists shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for separate discoveries of viruses that cause AIDS and cervical cancer, breakthroughs that helped doctors fight the deadly diseases. French researchers Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier were cited for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, in 1983. They shared the award with Germany's Harald zur Hausen, who was honoured for finding human papilloma viruses that cause cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women. Zur Hausen, a German medical doctor and scientist, received half of the 1.4 (m) million dollar prize, while the two French researchers shared the other half. Zur Hausen discovered two high-risk types of the HPV virus and made them available to the scientific community, ultimately leading to the development of vaccines protecting against infection. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the vaccine Gardasil in 2006 for the prevention of cervical cancer in girls and women ages 9 to 26. The vaccine works by protecting against strains of the human papillomavirus, or HPV - including the two that zur Hausen discovered - that cause most cases of cervical cancers. The HPV virus, transmitted by sexual contact, causes genital warts that sometimes develop into cancer. In its citation, the Nobel Assembly said Barre-Sinoussi and Montagnier's discovery was one prerequisite for understanding the biology of AIDS and its treatment with antiviral drugs. The pair's work in the early 1980s made it possible to study the virus closely. That in turn let scientists identify important details in how HIV replicates and how it interacts with the cells it infects, the citation said. It also led to ways to diagnose infected people and to screen blood for HIV, which has limited spread of the epidemic, and helped scientists develop anti-HIV drugs, the citation said. "The combination of prevention and treatment has substantially decreased spread of the disease and dramatically increased life expectancy among treated patients," the citation said. Barre-Sinoussi said that when she and Montagnier isolated the virus 25 years ago they naively hoped that they would be able to prevent the global AIDS epidemic that followed. The Nobel Assembly said zur Hausen "went against current dogma" when he found that some kinds of human papilloma virus, or HPV, caused cervical cancer. He realised that DNA of HPV could be detected in tumours, and uncovered a family of HPV types, only some of which cause cancer. The discovery led to an understanding of how HPV causes cancer and the development of vaccines against HPV infection, the citation said.

WTN LONDON SATELLITE FEED. NDS. 15:50:00 CS: FRANJO TUDJMAN, CROATION PRESIDENT ADDRESSES THE YUGOSLAVIAN CONGRESS ABOUT CROATION INDEPENDENCE AND THE POLITICAL BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA. GV OF A MILITARY PARADE. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY PRESIDENT JACQUES DELORS MEETS WITH YUGOSLAVIA'S LEADERS. SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC ADDRESSES CONGRESS. THE FEDERAL AIR FORCE ENGAGES IN AERIAL EXERCISES. 15:54:00 CS: GERMAN CHANCELLOR HELMUT KOHL AND FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANCOIS MITTERRAND REVIEW TROOPS IN PARIS AND SIT AT A MEETING TABLE DURING A FRANCO GERMAN SUMMIT. 15:55:00 CS SHOWING DEFENSE SECRETARY RICHARD CHENEY DEPLANING IN ISRAEL AND MEETING WITH ISRAELI OFFICIALS. SOUNDBITES FROM AVI PAZNER AND DICK CHENEY. 15:56:30 CS ON ANGOLAN PEACE TALKS IN LISBON, PORTUGAL. UNION FOR THE TOTAL INDEPENDENCE OF ANGOLA (UNITA) LEADER JONAS SAVIMBI AND ANGOLAN PRESIDENT JOAD LAMBOITE ARRIVE IN LISBON AND MAKE SEPARATE STATMENTS. 15:57:50 CS SHOWING TENNIS HIGHLIGHTS OF A COMEBACK MATCH WITH JIMMY CONNORS AND FEATURING OTHER MATCHES WITH STEFAN EDBERG, JENNIFER CAPRIATI, HORST SKOFF, AND ANDREA TEMESVARI. 15:59:40 CS ON THE SOVIET UNION'S GROWING REJECTION OF VLADIMIR LENIN, THE FATHER OF RUSSIAN COMMUNISM. SCIENTISTS LOOK OVER SPECIMENS OF LENIN'S BRAIN AT MOSCOW'S BRAIN INSTITUTE. B&W CLIPS OF LENIN. VISITORS STAND ON LINE AT LENIN'S MAUSOLEUM IN RED SQUARE. 16:01:36 CS ON THE AFTERMATH OF A TERRORIST BOMBING IN SPAIN. CU B&W PHOTO OF SUSPECT CARLOS MONTEAQUDO. RESCUE WORKERS PULL PEOPLE OUT OF THE BURNING RUBBLE OF A BUILDING. 16:07:00 A WELCOMING CELEBRATION TAKES PLACE AT AN AIRPORT IN CAIRO, EGYPT, AS RETURNING EGYPTIAN TROOPS MARCH OFF A SHIP, VICTORIOUS WITH THE ALLIES AGAINST IRAQ. 16:21:00 SETUP FOR AN INTV. 16:41:00 REMOTE INTV/W DR. LUC MONTAGNIER OF THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE. HE DISCUSSES DR. ROBERT GALLOS'S RECENT ADMISSION THAT IT WAS HE, MONTAGNIER, WHO DISCOVERED THE AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) VIRUS. CI: PERSONALITIES: CAPRIATI, JENNIFER. PERSONALITIES: CHENEY, RICHARD. PERSONALITIES: CONNORS, JIMMY. PERSONALITIES: DELORS, JACQUES. PERSONALITIES: EDBERG, STEFAN. PERSONALITIES: GALLO, ROBERT (ABOUT). PERSONALITIES: KOHL, HELMUT. PERSONALITIES: LAMBOITE, JOAD. PERSONALITIES: LENIN, VLADIMIR (ABOUT). PERSONALITIES: MILOSEVIC, SLOBODAN. PERSONALITIES: MITTERRAND, FRANCOIS. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. PERSONALITIES: MONTEAQUDO, CARLOS (STILL). PERSONALITIES: PAZNER, AVI. PERSONALITIES: SAVIMBI, JONAS. PERSONALITIES: SKOFF, HORST. PERSONALITIES: TEMESVARI, ANDREA. PERSONALITIES: TUDJMAN, FRANJO. DIPLOMACY: EEC / YUGOSLAVIA. GOVERNMENT: YUGOSLAVIA. HEALTH: DISEASES, AIDS. SPORTS: TENNIS. TERRORISM: BOMBING, SPAIN. US RELATIONS: ISRAEL.

NAME: FILE LIBYA VER 20061219I TAPE: EF06/1235 IN_TIME: 11:00:11:01 DURATION: 00:01:25:05 SOURCES: Libyan TV DATELINE: Tripoli, FIle RESTRICTIONS: No Access Libya SHOTLIST FILE - 15 May 2006 1. Wide of judges entering court 2. Wide of court room 3. Presiding judge naming defendants 4. Various of defendants 5. Zoom out to wide of judges leaving court 6. Zoom in from wide to mid of defendants with guards 7. People holding banner with photos of victims 8. Close up of photographs of children infected with HIV 9. Pan across relatives holding photos of children infected with HIV 10. Various of soldiers in front of the court 11. Pan along banner with photos of victims STORYLINE A Libyan court convicted five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor of deliberately infecting 400 children with the HIV virus and condemned them all to death on Tuesday. The accused reportedly did not react as the judgement was delivered. They have the right to appeal to the Supreme Court. The presiding judge, Mahmoud Hawissa, read out the verdict in a seven-minute hearing in a Tripoli court at the end of the defendants' second trial. The six defendants, detained for nearly seven years, had previously been convicted and condemned to death, but Libyan judges granted them a retrial after international protests over the fairness of the proceedings. Bulgaria contends the children were infected by unhygienic practices at their Libyan hospital. An international legal observer of Lawyers Without Borders, promptly criticised the retrial for failing to admit enough scientific evidence. Research published this month said samples from the infected children showed their viruses were contracted before the six defendants started working at the hospital in question. The long trial of the six foreign medical workers has become a bone of contention in Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's efforts to rebuild ties with the West. Europe and the United States have called for their release, indicating that future relations with Libya would be affected by Tuesday's verdict. But Libyans strongly supported a conviction. Some 50 relatives of the infected children - about 50 of whom have already died of AIDS - waited outside the court early on Tuesday morning, holding poster-sized pictures of their children and bearing placards that read "Death for the children killers" and "HIV made in Bulgaria." When the Supreme Court ordered a retrial in December 2005, friends and relatives rioted in Benghazi - the Libyan city where the children were infected in a state hospital. Bulgarians will be aghast at Tuesday's verdict. Hundreds of people staged peaceful protests in support of the five nurses in Bulgaria on Monday. Europe, the United States and international rights groups have accused Libya of prosecuting the six foreign staff as scapegoats for dirty conditions at the Benghazi children's hospital. Luc Montagnier - the French doctor who was a co-discoverer of HIV - testified in the first trial that the deadly virus was active in the hospital before the Bulgarian nurses began their contracts there in 1998. More evidence for that argument surfaced on December 6th - too late to be submitted in court - when Nature magazine published an analysis of HIV and hepatitis virus samples from the children. Using changes in the genetic information of HIV over time as a "molecular clock," the analysts concluded that the virus was contracted before the six defendants arrived at the hospital - perhaps even three years before. Idriss Lagha, the president of a group representing the victims, rejected the Nature article, telling a press conference in London on Monday that the nurses had infected the children with a genetically engineered virus. He accused them as doing so for research on behalf of foreign intelligence agencies.

NAME: LIB VERDICT 2 20061219I TAPE: EF06/1235 IN_TIME: 11:19:20:05 DURATION: 00:02:59:14 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION DATELINE: Tripoli, 19 Dec 2006 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST 1. Wide of Tripoli 2. Various exteriors of court 3. Various of six defendants (five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor) in court behind bars 4. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ashraf al-Hazouz, Palestinian doctor, defendant: "Everything said by the local press is a lie. Everything said in this trial is a lie. All what is said in this case - that we are implicated in this issue - is a lie and without any medical, logical or legal base." 5. Various of courtroom 6. Judge entering courtroom and taking seat 7. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mahmoud Hawissa, presiding judge: "To punish Ashraf Al-Hazouz, Kristiana Valcheva, Nasya Nenova, Valentina Siropulo, Valya Chervenyashka and Snezhana Dimitrova with the death penalty for the murder crime attributed to them, in the area where the crime took place." 8. Various of courtroom after verdict, some showing "V" sign with fingers 9. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ibrahim Mohammed al-Aurabi, father of infected child: "For the free Libyan people, all the free Libyan people in free struggling Libya, this is a happy day. Long live the Libyan judiciary. Long live justice. This is a blessing by God." 10. SOUNDBITE (English) Ivan Paneff, of Lawyers Without Borders, legal observer: "(Myself) and with my Libyan colleagues, we are going to make an appeal in the supreme court like the first time." 11. Various of relatives of infected children outside court chanting Mid of placard reading (Arabic) "Death for the children killers" 12. Zoom out from relative holding large poster of infected child to wide of relatives chanting outside court 13. Zoom out from relative holding large poster of infected child to wide of relatives chanting STORYLINE A court on Tuesday convicted five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor of deliberately infecting 400 children with the HIV virus and sentenced them to death, provoking condemnation from Bulgaria and shouts of joy in Tripoli. The presiding judge, Mahmoud Hawissa, took only seven minutes to confirm the presence of the accused, who all answered "yes" in Arabic, and read the judgement in the longest and most politicised court process in modern Libyan history. This is a blessing by God," yelled Ibrahim Mohammed al-Aurabi, the father of an infected child, as soon as the presiding judge finished reading the verdict in the Tripoli courtroom. "For the free Libyan people, all the free Libyan people in free struggling Libya, this is a happy day. Long live the Libyan judiciary. Long live justice," he continued. Bulgaria swiftly condemned the decision, and reiterated its belief that the children were infected by unhygienic conditions in their Benghazi hospital. The five Bulgarians and the Palestinian did not react after the judge finished delivering the verdict after a hearing of just seven minutes. Before the verdict was read out however, Ashraf al-Hazouz, the detained Palestinian doctor said, "everything said by the local press is a lie. Everything said in this trial is a lie. All what is said in this case, that we are implicated in this issue, is a lie and without any medical, logical or legal base." The accused have the right to appeal to the Supreme Court. Ivan Paneff, an international legal observer of Lawyers Without Borders told AP Television News that he and his Libyan colleagues would make an appeal to the Supreme Court. The six defendants, detained for nearly seven years, had previously been convicted and condemned to death, but Libyan judges granted them a retrial after international protests over the fairness of the proceedings. Bulgaria contends the children were infected by unhygienic conditions in their Benghazi hospital. The long trial of the six foreign medical workers has become a bone of contention in Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's efforts to rebuild ties with the West. Europe and the United States have called for their release, indicating that future relations with Libya would be affected by the verdict. But Libyans strongly supported a conviction. Some 50 relatives of the infected children, about 50 of whom have already died of AIDS, waited outside the court early on Tuesday, holding poster-sized pictures of their children and bearing placards that read "Death for the children killers." When the Supreme Court ordered a retrial in December 2005, friends and relatives rioted in Benghazi, the Libyan city where the children were infected in a state hospital. Bulgarians will be extremely disappointed by Tuesday's verdict. Georgi Parvanov, Bulgaria's president and Sergei Stanishev, Bulgaria's prime minister expressed deep indignation from the conviction in Libya. Hundreds of people staged peaceful protests in support of the five nurses in Bulgaria on Monday. Europe, the United States and international rights groups have accused Libya of prosecuting the six foreign staff as scapegoats for dirty conditions at the Benghazi children's hospital. Luc Montagnier, the French doctor who was a co-discoverer of HIV, testified in the first trial that the deadly virus was active in the hospital before the Bulgarian nurses began their contracts there in 1998.

NAME: US AIDS ANNIV 20060604I TAPE: EF06/0487 IN_TIME: 10:51:47:02 DURATION: 00:04:04:11 SOURCES: AP/UN VNR DATELINE: Various - See Script RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST: AP Television San Francisco, California - 27 March 2006 1. Close-up of vaccine trial volunteer Matthew Bell walking down street 2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mathew Bell, vaccine trial volunteer: "I simply take a pill every morning at about the same time every day." 3. Close-up Bell taking pill 4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mathew Bell, vaccine trial volunteer: "I would rather be part of the solution than sort of being on the sidelines just watching." AP Television FILE: Atlanta, Georgia 5. Close-up CDC sign AP Television Bethesda, Maryland - 25 May 2006 6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Anthony Fauci, Director, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health: "Hopefully they will gain information from that trial that will help us in the next trial. I don't think anyone has any comfort level that this is going to be an effective vaccine that will be widely used, but hopefully enough will be learned from the trial to help us in the next phases of trials." AP Television San Francisco, California - 27 March 2006 7. Close-up pills used in clinical trial UN VNR - Non AP Television News material FILE: Unknown location, Africa 8. Various views of AIDS patient in hospital AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "But I am not optimistic on any one of these candidates that are at the moment going forward." AP Television Bethesda, Maryland - 25 May 2006 10. Mid view Dr Fauci at his desk 11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Anthony Fauci, Director, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health: "So it is a sobering reflection of the fact that historically we are in the midst of one of the most devastating epidemics in civilisation." AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 12. Close-up men in street 13. Push in view of newspaper article AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 14. Close-up Dr Gallo walking through door 15. Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "There was the sense of the mystery, the sense of fear, a definite prejudice rising, a definite exclusionary attitude." AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 16. Various close-up views signs of night clubs AP Television FILE: 17. GRAPHIC showing HIV virus AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 18. Close-up stills of men showing signs of Kaposi's Sarcoma, a rare skin cancer AP Television FILE: Date and location unknown 19. Close-up article showing headline 'Probable cause found of immunity disease' AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 20. Doctor Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "We did think that it would likely be a brother of the leukaemia viruses we had just found. We didn't think it would be a whole new class of retroviruses. So the thinking was the one that was productive, but in its details was not right because it was a whole new class of retroviruses. So, here we have man is infected by two different classes of retroviruses." AP Television FILE 21. Graphic image showing cells infected with HIV virus AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 22. Close-up model showing cell infected by AIDS virus 23. Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "If the virus can be looked upon as... let's picture a golf ball with a bunch of sticks, little sticks coming out of it. The little sticks are what we called the envelope. They have to interact with specific substances, molecules, on the surface of the cell they infect. So, if my fist is the cell then each of my knuckles are different molecules on the surface of the cell. Those sticks on the virus have to find one particular one and actually have to find a second one in time, so its a complex process of how HIV gets inside of the cell. That process is being understood in molecular detail from knowledge of the structure of the little stick, the envelope." 24. Pull back view of door, where volunteers are taking part in IHV vaccine trial 25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gary Wolnitzek, Vaccine trial volunteer: "With every new trial, with every new participant who enrols in a trial we get that much closer to a preventative vaccine for HIV." 26. Various views Wolnitzek putting flyer on bulletin board 27. Close-up flyer asking for volunteers STORYLINE: Monday marks the 25th anniversary of the discovery of HIV/AIDS. For Matthew Bell it is just another day, but, as part of a vaccine trial, these pills are now a fixture of his daily routine. Volunteers like these are at forefront of modern HIV and AIDS research, willing to offer themselves as candidates in the latest rounds of vaccine studies. Scientists have long believed that a vaccine is the best way to stop the spread of AIDS, but efforts to invent one have thus far failed. A 32-year-old hotel manager from San Francisco, Bell is gay, HIV negative and has been taking one pill daily since last year. He doesn't know if he's taking a drug combination or a placebo, but any risk is worth it to him. A combination of two drugs has shown promise in early experiments in monkeys and US officials have expanded tests of the mixture in people around the world. It's a combination of the drugs tenofovir (Viread) and emtricitabine, or FTC (Emtriva), sold in combination as Truvada by Gilead Sciences Incorporated. Unlike vaccines, which work through the immune system, this drug combination, taken daily or weekly before exposure to the virus, may prevent it taking hold. In trials, despite 14 weekly exposures to the virus, not one of the six monkeys treated with the drugs became infected. All but one of another group of monkeys that didn't get the drugs did contract the virus, typically after two exposures. The Centres for Disease Control has launched studies in Thailand, Africa, Atlanta and San Francisco on the two HIV drugs as a way to prevent the disease in people who are HIV negative. If the trials pan out, a once-a-day prevention pill might help slow the global AIDS epidemic, although few scientists think tenofovir can completely stop the transmission of HIV. The trials are funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) at a cost of 120 (m) million US dollars and will last more than three years, involving more than 15-thousand people. While the head of the Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the NIH, Doctor Anthony Fauci, doesn't believe that the trial will directly lead to a vaccine, he believes the results will be positive. "Hopefully enough will be learned from the trial to help us in the next phases of trials," he said. Although the NIH-funded study is among more than 30 ongoing human trials of potential vaccines, the co-discoverer of the HIV virus, Doctor Robert Gallo, says none currently underway are offering great hope for an effective treatment. Fauci says that since the virus' discovery, more than 60-million people have been infected, 25-million have already died, and upwards of 40-million are currently living with HIV/AIDS. The figures were unimaginable 25 years ago. The virus was first noticed in a CDC report published on June 5, 1981 and at the time was described as an unusual cluster of pneumonia and rare cancers found predominately in American gay men in Los Angeles. Gallo recalls the fear and discrimination that quickly spread as the numbers of lives claimed by the virus increased. Labelled a 'gay cancer' at first, it was only after heterosexual men, women and children were known to be affected by the virus that the stigma began to slowly subside. Having earlier identified retroviruses in humans that can cause leukaemia, Gallo and his colleagues were among the first to argue that HIV, a retrovirus that had been identified in an AIDS patient by Luc Montagnier at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, was the cause of AIDS. The controversial find, with both teams claiming discovery of the virus, was settled a decade later when both scientists were named co-discoverers. Despite early, and incorrect predictions that an AIDS vaccine was around the corner over the last two decades scientists are still struggling to combat HIV. Some of the reasons for the difficulty include: it is a virus that mutates rapidly, eludes the human bodies natural immune response and once it has penetrated human DNA it has so far proven to be impossible to remove. However, recent developments in molecular biology have given Gallo hope that a vaccine is possible. He believes new details of how the HIV virus infects the cell, through the virus' envelope and the mechanisms it uses to penetrate cell DNA, could be the pathway to developing a vaccine. Gallo and his team at the Baltimore, Maryland-based Institute of Human Virology have based their own human clinical trials on this theory and have started trials. Based on an entirely different theory to the NIH study, and on the other side of the US from San Franciscan Matthew Bell, HIV/AIDS activist Gary Wolnitzek is also willing to lend his body in the cause of science. Wolnitzek has already started a year-long study that involves injections of partial copies of HIV to test for safety. Once Wolnitzek has completed his part in the clinical trial he intends to use his experiences as an example to seek other volunteers in the hunt for the elusive vaccine.