COVERAGE OF THE SEVENTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME). 00:00:43:11 VS AS A RESEARCHER DISCUSSES HIS STUDY ON THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV). 00:10:24:11 PRESS CONFERENCE WITH RESEARCHERS WHO RESPOND TO QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR WORK. CU AS DOCTOR LUC MONTAGNIER, OF THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE, RESPONDS TO QUESTIONS. VS OF THE OTHER PANEL MEMBERS RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS. CI: PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. CONFERENCES: INTERNATIONAL, AIDS. HEALTH: DISEASES, AIDS.

COVER VIDEO OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) AT THE WASHINGTON HILTON HOTEL IN WASHINGTON, DC. 08:29:59:13 doctor george galasso introduces the chairman of the days session doctor david sonwall, administrator of the health resources and services administration. 08:31:54:06 sonwall introduces doctor luc montagnier, head of the pasteur institutes's aids program, who talks about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). CI: PERSONALITIES: GALASSO, GEORGE. PERSONALITIES: MONTAGNIER, LUC. PERSONALITIES: SONWALL, DAVID. HEALTH: DISEASES, AIDS.

NAME: US AIDS ANNIV 20060604I TAPE: EF06/0487 IN_TIME: 10:51:47:02 DURATION: 00:04:04:11 SOURCES: AP/UN VNR DATELINE: Various - See Script RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST: AP Television San Francisco, California - 27 March 2006 1. Close-up of vaccine trial volunteer Matthew Bell walking down street 2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mathew Bell, vaccine trial volunteer: "I simply take a pill every morning at about the same time every day." 3. Close-up Bell taking pill 4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mathew Bell, vaccine trial volunteer: "I would rather be part of the solution than sort of being on the sidelines just watching." AP Television FILE: Atlanta, Georgia 5. Close-up CDC sign AP Television Bethesda, Maryland - 25 May 2006 6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Anthony Fauci, Director, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health: "Hopefully they will gain information from that trial that will help us in the next trial. I don't think anyone has any comfort level that this is going to be an effective vaccine that will be widely used, but hopefully enough will be learned from the trial to help us in the next phases of trials." AP Television San Francisco, California - 27 March 2006 7. Close-up pills used in clinical trial UN VNR - Non AP Television News material FILE: Unknown location, Africa 8. Various views of AIDS patient in hospital AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "But I am not optimistic on any one of these candidates that are at the moment going forward." AP Television Bethesda, Maryland - 25 May 2006 10. Mid view Dr Fauci at his desk 11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Anthony Fauci, Director, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health: "So it is a sobering reflection of the fact that historically we are in the midst of one of the most devastating epidemics in civilisation." AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 12. Close-up men in street 13. Push in view of newspaper article AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 14. Close-up Dr Gallo walking through door 15. Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "There was the sense of the mystery, the sense of fear, a definite prejudice rising, a definite exclusionary attitude." AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 16. Various close-up views signs of night clubs AP Television FILE: 17. GRAPHIC showing HIV virus AP Television FILE: San Francisco, California - 198Os 18. Close-up stills of men showing signs of Kaposi's Sarcoma, a rare skin cancer AP Television FILE: Date and location unknown 19. Close-up article showing headline 'Probable cause found of immunity disease' AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 20. Doctor Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "We did think that it would likely be a brother of the leukaemia viruses we had just found. We didn't think it would be a whole new class of retroviruses. So the thinking was the one that was productive, but in its details was not right because it was a whole new class of retroviruses. So, here we have man is infected by two different classes of retroviruses." AP Television FILE 21. Graphic image showing cells infected with HIV virus AP Television Baltimore, Maryland - 31 May 2006 22. Close-up model showing cell infected by AIDS virus 23. Dr Robert Gallo, Founder & Director of Institute of Human Virology & Co-Discoverer of HIV: "If the virus can be looked upon as... let's picture a golf ball with a bunch of sticks, little sticks coming out of it. The little sticks are what we called the envelope. They have to interact with specific substances, molecules, on the surface of the cell they infect. So, if my fist is the cell then each of my knuckles are different molecules on the surface of the cell. Those sticks on the virus have to find one particular one and actually have to find a second one in time, so its a complex process of how HIV gets inside of the cell. That process is being understood in molecular detail from knowledge of the structure of the little stick, the envelope." 24. Pull back view of door, where volunteers are taking part in IHV vaccine trial 25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gary Wolnitzek, Vaccine trial volunteer: "With every new trial, with every new participant who enrols in a trial we get that much closer to a preventative vaccine for HIV." 26. Various views Wolnitzek putting flyer on bulletin board 27. Close-up flyer asking for volunteers STORYLINE: Monday marks the 25th anniversary of the discovery of HIV/AIDS. For Matthew Bell it is just another day, but, as part of a vaccine trial, these pills are now a fixture of his daily routine. Volunteers like these are at forefront of modern HIV and AIDS research, willing to offer themselves as candidates in the latest rounds of vaccine studies. Scientists have long believed that a vaccine is the best way to stop the spread of AIDS, but efforts to invent one have thus far failed. A 32-year-old hotel manager from San Francisco, Bell is gay, HIV negative and has been taking one pill daily since last year. He doesn't know if he's taking a drug combination or a placebo, but any risk is worth it to him. A combination of two drugs has shown promise in early experiments in monkeys and US officials have expanded tests of the mixture in people around the world. It's a combination of the drugs tenofovir (Viread) and emtricitabine, or FTC (Emtriva), sold in combination as Truvada by Gilead Sciences Incorporated. Unlike vaccines, which work through the immune system, this drug combination, taken daily or weekly before exposure to the virus, may prevent it taking hold. In trials, despite 14 weekly exposures to the virus, not one of the six monkeys treated with the drugs became infected. All but one of another group of monkeys that didn't get the drugs did contract the virus, typically after two exposures. The Centres for Disease Control has launched studies in Thailand, Africa, Atlanta and San Francisco on the two HIV drugs as a way to prevent the disease in people who are HIV negative. If the trials pan out, a once-a-day prevention pill might help slow the global AIDS epidemic, although few scientists think tenofovir can completely stop the transmission of HIV. The trials are funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) at a cost of 120 (m) million US dollars and will last more than three years, involving more than 15-thousand people. While the head of the Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the NIH, Doctor Anthony Fauci, doesn't believe that the trial will directly lead to a vaccine, he believes the results will be positive. "Hopefully enough will be learned from the trial to help us in the next phases of trials," he said. Although the NIH-funded study is among more than 30 ongoing human trials of potential vaccines, the co-discoverer of the HIV virus, Doctor Robert Gallo, says none currently underway are offering great hope for an effective treatment. Fauci says that since the virus' discovery, more than 60-million people have been infected, 25-million have already died, and upwards of 40-million are currently living with HIV/AIDS. The figures were unimaginable 25 years ago. The virus was first noticed in a CDC report published on June 5, 1981 and at the time was described as an unusual cluster of pneumonia and rare cancers found predominately in American gay men in Los Angeles. Gallo recalls the fear and discrimination that quickly spread as the numbers of lives claimed by the virus increased. Labelled a 'gay cancer' at first, it was only after heterosexual men, women and children were known to be affected by the virus that the stigma began to slowly subside. Having earlier identified retroviruses in humans that can cause leukaemia, Gallo and his colleagues were among the first to argue that HIV, a retrovirus that had been identified in an AIDS patient by Luc Montagnier at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, was the cause of AIDS. The controversial find, with both teams claiming discovery of the virus, was settled a decade later when both scientists were named co-discoverers. Despite early, and incorrect predictions that an AIDS vaccine was around the corner over the last two decades scientists are still struggling to combat HIV. Some of the reasons for the difficulty include: it is a virus that mutates rapidly, eludes the human bodies natural immune response and once it has penetrated human DNA it has so far proven to be impossible to remove. However, recent developments in molecular biology have given Gallo hope that a vaccine is possible. He believes new details of how the HIV virus infects the cell, through the virus' envelope and the mechanisms it uses to penetrate cell DNA, could be the pathway to developing a vaccine. Gallo and his team at the Baltimore, Maryland-based Institute of Human Virology have based their own human clinical trials on this theory and have started trials. Based on an entirely different theory to the NIH study, and on the other side of the US from San Franciscan Matthew Bell, HIV/AIDS activist Gary Wolnitzek is also willing to lend his body in the cause of science. Wolnitzek has already started a year-long study that involves injections of partial copies of HIV to test for safety. Once Wolnitzek has completed his part in the clinical trial he intends to use his experiences as an example to seek other volunteers in the hunt for the elusive vaccine.

NAME: THA HIV3 20090924I TAPE: EF09/0910 IN_TIME: 10:04:15:19 DURATION: 00:03:09:20 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION/THAI HEALTH MINISTRY HANDOUT DATELINE: Bangkok - 24 Sep 2009 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST THAI HEALTH MINISTRY HANDOUT Bangkok - date unknown 1. Zoom in to woman working in the laboratory of US Armed Forces Institute of Medical Science 2. Close of samples 3. Various of laboratory staff working 4. Close of samples 5. Sample being scanned into database AP TELEVISION Bangkok - 24 September 2009 6. Wide of news conference 7. Mid of Colonel Arthur E. Brown (right) and Colonel James Boles, commanders of Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences 8. Wide of news conference 9. Reporter taking notes from vaccine report 10. Close of vaccine report 11. SOUNDBITE (Thai) Witthaya Kaewparadai, Thai minister of public health "Now the trial has ended and the result is that the percentage of prevention is 31 percent. Although it hasn't reached what we hoped for, it's an important step." 12. Cutaway of audience 13. SOUNDBITE (English) Eric G. John, US ambassador to Thailand "In the international scientific and medical communities around the globe, this trial will be recognised as a testament to Thailand's ability to successfully execute a complicated vaccine trial - the largest ever attempted - that ended with a credible conclusion and that brought us one step closer to an HIV vaccine." AP TELEVISION Bangkok - 24 September 2009 14. Thanat Yomha, volunteer on community advisory board for vaccine trial, at vaccine results news conference AP TELEVISION Bangkok - 24 September 2009 15. Wide Thanat taking questions from reporters 16. Various of Thanat answering questions regarding trial 17. SOUNDBITE (Thai) Thanat Yomha, volunteer on community advisory board for vaccine trial: "I didn't expect anything. I did this for others and as for me, considering how old I am, what we all do now is for the next generation." 18. Wide of Maureen Birmingham, World Health Organisation representative in Bangkok, answering questions at vaccine results news conference 19. SOUNDBITE (English) Maureen Birmingham, World Health Organisation representative in Bangkok: "It is the largest trial ever conducted, successfully conducted trial with the highest ethical standards, and it has some, although albeit modest, results, some very encouraging results that can be used to guide further efforts in vaccine development, research and development for HIV. So it's of course very encouraging also to the global community, these kinds of results, it gives us hope for future vaccine development against our fight and against HIV." 20. Wide of Vimit Thienudom, director of non-profit AIDSAccess, talking to reporters 21. SOUNDBITE (Thai) Vimit Thienudom, Director of non-profit group AIDSAccess: "Although the result is lower than what we expected and the vaccine can't be used to prevent infection today, the trial process gave the Thai scientists and communities a learning experience which will be valuable for future studies." THAI HEALTH MINISTRY HANDOUT Rayong province, south west of Bangkok - date unknown 22. Wide of temple in the village where testing was conducted 23. Wide of tractor in village where testing was conducted 24. Various of village residents STORYLINE Researchers in Thailand on Thursday announced that for the first time, an experimental vaccine prevented infection with the AIDS virus - a surprising result and a watershed event in the battle against the deadly epidemic. Recent failures had led many scientists to think such a vaccine might never be possible. But presenting the findings of the world's largest AIDS vaccine trial of more than 16-thousand volunteers in Thailand, researchers said that a combination of two previously unsuccessful vaccines cut the risk of becoming infected with HIV by more than 31 percent. The trial - conducted by Thailand's Ministry of Public Health and sponsored in part by the US army - tested a two-vaccine combo in a "prime-boost" approach, where the first one primes the immune system to attack HIV and the second one strengthens the response. The study used strains of HIV common in Thailand and whether such a vaccine would work against other strains in the US, Africa or elsewhere in the world remained unknown, the scientists stressed. But the Thai health minister told reporters on Thursday that the findings were "an important step", whilst the US ambassador said it was a development which brought scientists "one step closer to an HIV vaccine". Even a marginally helpful vaccine could have a big impact. Every day, seven and a half thousand people worldwide are newly infected with HIV and two (m) million died of AIDS in 2007, the United Nations agency UNAIDS estimates. The vaccines used in the trial were ALVAC from Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccine division of French drugmaker Sanofi-Aventis, and AIDSVAX, originally developed by VaxGen and now held by Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, a nonprofit group founded by some former VaxGen employees. ALVAC uses canarypox, a bird virus altered so it can't cause human disease, to ferry synthetic versions of three HIV genes into the body. AIDSVAX contains a genetically engineered version of a protein on HIV's surface. The vaccines are not made from whole virus - dead or alive - and cannot cause HIV. Neither vaccine in the study prevented HIV infection when tested individually in earlier trials and dozens of scientists had called the combination one futile when it began in 2003 - but the results proved the sceptics wrong. The study, which was also sponsored by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, tested the combo in HIV-negative Thai men and women ages 18 to 30 at average risk of becoming infected. Half received four "priming" doses of ALVAC and two "boost" doses of AIDSVAX over six months. The others received dummy shots. No one knew who got what until the study ended. All participants were given condoms, counselling and treatment for any sexually transmitted infections and were tested every six months for HIV. Any who became infected were given free treatment with antiviral medicines. Participants were followed for three years after vaccination ended. Results: New infections occurred in 51 of the eight thousand and 197 given vaccine and in 74 of the eight thousand and 198 who received dummy shots. That worked out to a 31 percent lower risk of infection for the vaccine group. The vaccine had no effect on levels of HIV in the blood of those who did become infected. That had been another goal of the study, seeing whether the vaccine could limit damage to the immune system and help keep infected people from developing full-blown AIDS. The study was done in Thailand because US army scientists did pivotal research in that country when the AIDS epidemic emerged there, isolating virus strains and providing genetic information on them to vaccine makers. The Thai government also strongly supported the idea of doing the study. Even though the benefit of the combo-vaccination announced on Thursday seems modest, the researchers said they were pleased by the outcome and the findings were welcomed by UN health officials and non-government organisations. The World Health Organisation's representative on Thursday said it gave "hope for future vaccine development against our fight and against HIV". And the director of AIDSAccess said that even though the vaccine could not be used to prevent infection at this moment in time, the trial gace scientists "a learning experience which will be valuable for future studies". It is unclear whether vaccine makers will seek to license the two-vaccine combo in Thailand based on the findings announced on Thursday. Before the trial began, the US Food and Drug Administration said other studies would be needed before the vaccine could be considered for US licensing. Also unclear was whether the Thai volunteers who received dummy shots would now be offered the vaccine. Researchers had said they would do so if the vaccine showed clear benefit, defined as reducing the risk of infection by at least 50 percent. Scientists still want to know how long protection will last, whether booster shots will be needed and whether the vaccine helps prevent infection in gay men and injection drug users, since it was tested mostly in heterosexuals in the Thai trial. Details of the 105 (m) million US dollars study will be given at a vaccine conference in Paris in October. It was the third big vaccine trial since 1983, when HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS. In 2007, Merck & Co. stopped a study of its experimental vaccine after seeing it did not prevent HIV infection. Later analysis suggested the vaccine might even raise the risk of infection in certain men. The vaccine itself did not cause infection. In 2003, AIDSVAX flunked two large trials, the first late-stage tests of any AIDS vaccine at the time.

NAME: VIE BUSH 6 20061120I TAPE: EF06/1113 IN_TIME: 10:43:20:14 DURATION: 00:03:30:00 SOURCES: AP/POOL DATELINE: Ho Chi Minh City, 20 Nov 2006 RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST POOL 1. Wide of exterior of City Museum 2. Smiling boy playing drum 3. US President George W. Bush walking down stairs of museum with First Lady Laura Bush 4. Boy on drum, pan to Bushes watching dance 5. Bushes clapping 6. Wide of dragons dancing 7. Bushes having photos taken with dragons 8. Bush being led over to group of young girls 9. Bush having photo taken with young girls POOL 10. US President George W. Bush striking gong to open trading 11. Stock display board, pan to Bush on floor with workers 12. Sign on wall reading: "Welcome President George W. Bush" pan to Bush with worker 13. Bush having photo taken with workers, applauding 14. SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President: "My first meeting in Ho Chi Minh City is at the stock exchange and I'm meeting with entrepreneurs, people who have taken a look at the markets in Vietnam and have decided that this is a good place to invest." 15. Medium of US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice 16. Wide of Bush and officials at news conference POOL 17. Sign reading "The Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City welcomes President and Mrs Bush", pan to Bush and Laura Bush entering room with doctor 18. SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President: "Laura and I have come by to thank the doctor and her staff for their compassionate work." 19. Cutaway media 20. SOUNDBITE: (English) George W. Bush, US President: "... and to assure the Vietnamese people that we will still help them fight HIV/AIDS." 21. Bush with his wife and Rice at table 22. Pan from media to Bush and wife at table 23. Chart illustrating Outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Vietnam 24. Bush with his wife and Rice at table AP Television 25. Security in street 26. Policeman regulating traffic AP Television27. Various exteriors of Ho Chi Minh City Airport 28. Close up of US and Vietnamese flag 29. Bush's motorcade arriving at the airport 30. Air Force 1 on tarmac 31. Close-up American flag on plane 32. Personnel on tarmac 33. Various of Air Force 1 taxiing for takeoff STORYLINE: At the end of their trip to Vietnam on Monday, US President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush made their last stop a tour of the Ho Chi Minh City history museum where they were treated to a drum and dance performance by young people. It is Bush's first trip to the communist country, which hosted leaders from the 21-member Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum over the weekend in Hanoi, in the north. Dressed in bright red and gold costumes, the performers pounded kettle drums and waved bright flags as they stepped, turned and ran about a stage outside the building. Bush nodded his head and tapped his foot in time with the music. Earlier on Monday President Bush paid tribute to new symbols of capitalism and offered encouragement for the country's battle against bird flu and other public health challenges. In Ho Chi Minh City Bush visited the Vietnam stock exchange, where trading began in 2000 and expanded to Hanoi last year. The exchange initially listed two companies and two bonds. Now, there is trading in 56 stocks and funds on the combined exchanges with total capitalisation of 3.5 (b) billion US dollars. The president, wielding a red-handled mallet, struck a gong to open the day's trading. Bush hit the gong three times, shook hands with traders on the floor and met with a group of American and Vietnamese business leaders. The US President also toured a bird flu lab in southern Ho Chi Minh City on Monday to encourage Vietnam in its successful battle against the disease and urge Southeast Asia to be prepared to handle further outbreaks if they occur. Vietnam has been deemed a bright spot in the fight against bird flu as the virulent H5N1 virus continues to plague the region. Some 153 people have died of the disease since it began ravaging Asian poultry in late 2003, 42 in Vietnam and 56 in Indonesia, Bush's next stop on his Asia tour. Vietnam has not detected any poultry outbreaks this year and no human infections since November 2005. The success is largely credited to a nationwide poultry vaccination campaign and strong political will to root out the virus. So far, the disease remains hard for people to catch, and most human cases have been traced to contact with infected birds, but experts fear it will mutate into a form that is easily spread among people. Bush then arrived at the Pasteur Institute, one of Vietnam's top research institutes for communicable disease. While touring the lab, Bush also learned about Vietnam's fight against AIDS. "Laura and I have come by to thank the doctor and her staff for their compassionate work," Bush said to the onlooking media, adding he wished "to assure the Vietnamese people that we will still help them fight HIV/AIDS." Vietnam has stepped up prevention efforts and worked to raise awareness since Bush selected it as one of the 15 countries to receive US emergency HIV/AIDS funding in June 2004. The US government has contributed nearly 80 (m) million US dollars since then to fight the disease in Vietnam. About 5,500 people, or 15 percent of those in need of anti-retroviral drugs in Vietnam, are now receiving them, compared with less than five percent two years ago, according to the UNAIDS country coordinator. Experts say Vietnam is at a critical point as the number of HIV infections reaches an estimated 260-thousand people. So far, most cases have been among vulnerable groups such as sex workers and injecting drug users, but the disease could soon become more generalised. On Sunday, Pacific Rim leaders endorsed an APEC action plan on the prevention of a bird flu pandemic and steps on how to respond in the event of an outbreak, according to a final statement. They also resolved to expand efforts to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS and to achieve the UN goal of universal access to prevention and treatment programs by 2010. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice also applauded efforts of APEC partners on implementing measures to prepare for and mitigate an influenza pandemic. US President George W. Bush left Vietnam later on Monday to fly to Indonesia, where he faces mounting anger over the Middle East crisis and the war in Iraq. He is scheduled to hold meetings with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and civic leaders.