[US Celebrates End of War] 8/26/1945. Crowd gathered in Wash DC / Pres Truman reading official statement of Japan's surrender / Cheering crowds / woman holds up newspaper headline / shots of sailors and G.I.'s in crowds having fun w/ the ladies / fireworks in Chinatown Sailors acting drunken / group marching together, one guy holding up sign reading "Go to it Admiral" (Halsey) [030505] HAS of massive crowd in NYC / ticker-tape / CU of happy faces / Night Shots: crowds along Broadway [030612] Gasoline Ban Lifted: Motorists go wild as O.P.A. lifts gas restrictions. And gas station employees out-do themselves in returning to pre-war efficiency. [030705] Reconversion Outlook: John W. Snyder, Reconversion chief, states that the govt. is committed t a program which will provide jobs for all who want to work. [030800] The Atomic Bomb: Scientist gather in the heart of a desert in New Mexico for the first test firing of America's secret weapon, the Atomic Bomb / LS of the explosion. [030845] Post War Life in Berlin: G. I.'s do a land office business in selling scarce commodities to Russian soldiers and Berliners. And when fraternization is permitted, they really fraternize with the lonely frauleins at the nightclub "Femina" / VS of G.I.'s on beach w/ German women / CU of a G.I. asleep on beach.

General Omar N. Bradley visits Hawaii. The General at a press conference. He answers reporters' questions during the conference. He talks about the occupation of Berlin and dealings with Russians during World War II. Mrs Bradley is seated next to him. He speaks of fact that while U.S. forces were capable of taking Berlin, they did not because it had been pre-arranged for the Soviets to take Berlin and for the allied forces to occupy a divided city. Bradley notes that he was not going to take on 100,000 casualties by taking Berlin, only to give it back to the Soviets. With regard to the Soviets, he says, "they're not easy people to deal with." Location: Hawaii USA. Date: August 18, 1976.

The History of the Helicopter. The history of the helicopter, from initial attempts in the early years of the 20th Century to the 1950's.. 1950s, helicopters, 1903 Wright Brother's first flight, fixed wing aircrafts, moving wing attempts in early 1900s, early attempts at vertical flight aircrafts, Breguet-Richet Gyroplane No. 1, early attempts at rotorcraft / rotary-wing aircrafts, early helicopters, Berliner helicopter 1908-9, Oehmichen 1920, Oehmichen 1922, Lein Weber-Curtis 1921, 1922 Georges & Jerome-de Bothezat's Flying Octopus, 1924 Raul Pescara's Pescara No.3, Asboth 1928-1930, model showing stability problems of rotary wing aircraft, hinged blades on helicopter, Juan de la Cierva and Cierva C.19 autogyro in flight and landing, autogyros taking off and in flight, 1930 Nicholas Florine shows machine with flapping blade at Brussels Exhibition, Corradino D'Ascanio establishes first world helicopter record as he flew 8 3/4 minutes, 1936 Louis Breguet's Gyroplane Laboratoire sets world records, cyclic pitch control, slow motion helicopter blades rising and falling, helicopter taking off and doing turns, 1937 Focke-Achgelis Focke-Wulf Fw 61 flown by Hanna Reitsch in Berlin Sports Stadium, Igor Sikorsky flying VS-300 setting World's Record, modern helicopter taking off and hovering, British Bristol Type 171 Sycamore, Cierva Air Horse, Cierva W.14 Skeeter, Fairey Gyrodyne, Louis Breguet's three seater helicopter using superimposed contra-rotating rotors, Sud-Ouest six seater developed from pre-war Focke-Achgelis, Sud-Ouest F-WFUF, jet powered helicopters, McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry, Hiller Hornet, Sikorsky S-51 transporting mail, Sikorsky S-55, cargo being loaded into Bell H-12, small Bell helicopters spraying cattle galloping in pasture and spraying pesticide onto orchard, rotor down wash being used to gather walnuts, helicopter transporting exploration party to oil reserve, man seated in helicopter using it as work platform for precise geological readings, Piasecki H-21 flying banana military helicopters, Kaman military helicopter using twin intermeshing rotors, military helicopters being used for emergency rescue, helicopter being used in 1946 Antarctic expedition, Operation Highjump, Hiller 360, aerial Grand Canyon, helicopter flying over Grand Canyon, aerial galloping elk, helicopter flying over galloping elk, helicopter transporting construction materials into Welsh mountains to repair dam, in flight helicopter shadow on ground, man pushing Hiller Hornet helicopter out of garage, helicopter landing on field, chemists and engineers developing helicopter technology, gasoline and jet engines

The item title reads - The Same Old Germany! Berlin's students with pre-war pageantry glorifying "militarism" celebrate 50th anniversary of the German state. Berlin, Germany. <br/> <br/>Students wearing what looks like military uniform march along with banners and flags, ladies walk in front of them.

GODD COLOR HISTORIC TRAVEL VIDEO TRANSFERRED FROM 16MM FILM, CIRCA 1960.

Universal News outtakes

00:40:55:09 [NO KNOWN RESTRICTIONS - DEFENSE DEPT FOOTAGE CONSIDERED PUBLIC DOMAIN]-- [B&amp;W historical file]--1909 Wright Brothers demo a military version of their aircraft which had flown 4 yrs ...

East Germany Closes Its Border To The West The attention of an anxious world is focused on East and West Germany and Berlin during the Cold War. The last great exodus of refugees from East Germany is processed at the Marienfelde Refugee Transit Camp as the Communist German regime moves to close its border against further flights of East Germans to West Germany in August 1961. Troops swooped down on the border between East Berlin and West Berlin in the pre-dawn hours to close routes between the sectors. Initial construction of the Berlin Wall. East German soldiers begin erecting a äóìBerlin Walläó of barbwire. East Berliners are told to give up their jobs in the West and Mayor Willy Brandt called on all Berliners to keep calm and avoid provoking Soviet Troops who took up positions along side their East German counterparts. Black part at end.

Libya

Full title reads: "Berlin. Germany's Soldier President. Veteran Field Marshal Von Hindenburg watches changing of the New Year Guard - perfect in its precision of pre-war days!" <br/> <br/>Berlin, Germany. <br/> <br/>German soldiers, led by a military band, march along a street. German President Paul Von Hindenburg comes out onto the steps of a building. <br/> <br/>The troops march into the courtyard of the building. They form up as a guard. One of the officers walks up to Von Hindenburg and shakes his hand.

Compilation of major World events and Politics as WWII ends and the Cold War between Democracy and Communism as Communists annex a large swath of Europe, NATO is formed in response, war by proxy erupts in China, Korea, Vietnam and Africa, the death of Joseph Stalin, the Space Race begins with Sputnik, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the death of President John F. Kennedy, the Vietnam War, the Fall of Saigon, war in the Middle East and the OPEC oil embargo 00:06:05;13 Sign reads Russian Zone. Russian Dictator JosephStalin institutes a blockade of West Berlin blocking railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. Scenes of the Berlin airlift as planes deliver thousands of tons of food and fuel to West Berlin forcing Stalin to lift the blockade. The Berlin Blockade was one of the first international crises of the Cold War lasting from June 24, 1948 until May 12,1949. 00:06:38;10 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO is formed. General Dwight D. Eisenhower returns to Europe as Supreme Commander of NATO Forces and began re-building the West military strength. By 1952 the Marshall Plan resulted in increasing the industrial and agricultural capacity of Western Europe that exceeded pre-war levels. Scenes of steel production, women working in a factory, shoppers in a super market and a farmer plowing a field with a tractor. 00:07:28;02 Scenes of violence in Asia. In China, civil war follows in the wake of WWII. In 1949 Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung launches an all-out assault on the forces of Chan Kai-shek. CU image of Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung. CU of Chan Kai-shek. The Kuomintang KMT government and 1.3 million supporters of Chan Kai-shek abandon the China mainland for the Island of Taiwan Formosa. Image of the U.S. Capitol Building. Image of Secretary of State George Marshall and Dean Acheson. Congress blames Truman, Marshall, and Acheson for the lost of China. News that the Russians now have the Atomic Bomb leads to a series of spy cases. CU of Senator Joseph McCarthy as he states One Communist on the faculty of one university is one Communist too many, one Communist among the American advisors at Yalta is one Communist too many, and even if there were only one Communist in the State Department, that would be one Communist too many. 00:08:53;05 Start of Korean War June 25, 1950. North Korean Army crosses the 38th parallel in an invasion of South Korea. United Nation UN Forces fighting in Korea. General Douglas MacArthur seated in a jeep. Tank passes sign that reads You Are Now Crossing 38th Parallel. U.S. paratroopers jumping from a plane. Shows Chinese Troops entering the battle in Korea. Signing of Korean Armistice Agreement on July 27, 1953. Brief images of the Indochina War, French forces fight the communist Viet Minh. After the defeat of the French, Secretary John Foster Dulles organizes the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization SEATO. United States aid for developing countries.

Summary of events after World War II. Statistics shows reduction in armed forces after WWII. Reduction in arms shows submarines, ships and other arms. Bombers are destroyed. Blasting planes on airfield. Junk piles and wreckage of equipment. Factories are converted to peacetime production. Workers operating various machinery in factories. Delegates seated in the UN assembly. Andrei Gromyko walks out of a debate on the Iranian question. The U.S. proclaims the Marshall Plan. Various delegates at Paris meet including Winston Churchill. Animated map of Europe demonstrates the expansion of communism and the iron curtain post WW2. Supplies for Europe are loaded on ships at docks as part of Marshall Plan. Reconstruction work progresses in Europe. Farmer rides new American tractor (Massey Harris tractor) away from ship docks and back to his farm. Communists demonstrate and blockade Berlin. Russians reinforce blockade. U.S. planes flying supplies to blockaded city in Berlin Airlift operation. U.S. military planes landing on airfield of Germany. Berlin Blockade is lifted by Russians. Location: Berlin Germany. Date: 1951.

[US Celebrates End of War] 8/26/1945. Crowd gathered in Wash DC / Pres Truman reading official statement of Japan's surrender / Cheering crowds / woman holds up newspaper headline / shots of sailors and G.I.'s in crowds having fun w/ the ladies / fireworks in Chinatown Sailors acting drunken / group marching together, one guy holding up sign reading "Go to it Admiral" (Halsey) [030505] HAS of massive crowd in NYC / ticker-tape / CU of happy faces / Night Shots: crowds along Broadway [030612] Gasoline Ban Lifted: Motorists go wild as O.P.A. lifts gas restrictions. And gas station employees out-do themselves in returning to pre-war efficiency. [030705] Reconversion Outlook: John W. Snyder, Reconversion chief, states that the govt. is committed t a program which will provide jobs for all who want to work. [030800] The Atomic Bomb: Scientist gather in the heart of a desert in New Mexico for the first test firing of America's secret weapon, the Atomic Bomb / LS of the explosion. [030845] Post War Life in Berlin: G. I.'s do a land office business in selling scarce commodities to Russian soldiers and Berliners. And when fraternization is permitted, they really fraternize with the lonely frauleins at the nightclub "Femina" / VS of G.I.'s on beach w/ German women / CU of a G.I. asleep on beach.

Full title reads: "Berlin. Just like pre-war days. 'Little Willie' Makensen and President Von Hindenburg, and thousands of troops, in great national patriotic demonstration, following opening of the Reichstag." <br/> <br/>Berlin, Germany. <br/> <br/>German President Paul Von Hindenburg shakes hands with Kaiser Wilhelm II and others then walks forwards onto a podium. <br/> <br/>Large military parade. Lots of troops march past Hindenburg. People in the crowd give Nazi salutes. <br/> <br/>Crowds cheer and salute Hindenburg as he stands in an open car. <br/> <br/>Night time shots of torch light parade. Large crowds are out to watch.

Nazi Party leader Hermann Goring welcomes Hitler back from Italy, where he cemented his friendship and political pacts with Mussolini.

1953 UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL 7

Hitler youth rally in Berlin, during World War II. It appears to be in the courtyard of the Berliner Stadtschloss (Berliner Schloss, Unter den Linden, 10117 Berlin, Germany). Occasional views of the pre-destruction Berliner Dom in the background. Views from a high building overlooking the courtyard. Many Hitler Youth contingents perform a Nazi salute. Hitler Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach accompanies a German Army officer reviewing an honor guard of regular German soldiers. Baldur von Schirach is seen conducting a ceremony in which he calls youth leaders of the various contingents forward and announces the numbers of youth enrolled in each. A Hitler youth plays a drum. The building is draped with multiple Nazi flags. Location: Berlin Germany. Date: 1941.

[US Celebrates End of War] 8/26/1945. Crowd gathered in Wash DC / Pres Truman reading official statement of Japan's surrender / Cheering crowds / woman holds up newspaper headline / shots of sailors and G.I.'s in crowds having fun w/ the ladies / fireworks in Chinatown Sailors acting drunken / group marching together, one guy holding up sign reading "Go to it Admiral" (Halsey) [030505] HAS of massive crowd in NYC / ticker-tape / CU of happy faces / Night Shots: crowds along Broadway [030612] Gasoline Ban Lifted: Motorists go wild as O.P.A. lifts gas restrictions. And gas station employees out-do themselves in returning to pre-war efficiency. [030705] Reconversion Outlook: John W. Snyder, Reconversion chief, states that the govt. is committed t a program which will provide jobs for all who want to work. [030800] The Atomic Bomb: Scientist gather in the heart of a desert in New Mexico for the first test firing of America's secret weapon, the Atomic Bomb / LS of the explosion. [030845] Post War Life in Berlin: G. I.'s do a land office business in selling scarce commodities to Russian soldiers and Berliners. And when fraternization is permitted, they really fraternize with the lonely frauleins at the nightclub "Femina" / VS of G.I.'s on beach w/ German women / CU of a G.I. asleep on beach.

B-ROLL OF UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY PRE-SESSION.REAGAN TRANSCRIPT:“......once the Soviet Union shows convincingly that it's ready for a genuine political settlement, the United States is ready to be helpful. Let me add one final note on this matter. Pakistan, in the face of enormous pressure and intimidation, has given sanctuary to Afghan refugees. We salute the courage of Pakistan and the Pakistani people. They deserve strong support from all of us. Another regional conflict, we all know, is taking place in Central America, in Nicaragua. To the Sandinista delegation here today I say: Your people know the true nature of your regime. They have seen their liberties suppressed. They have seen the promises of 1979 go unfulfilled. They have seen their real wages and personal income fall by half -- yes, half -- since 1979, while your party elite live lives of privilege and luxury. This is why, despite a billion dollars in Soviet-bloc aid last year alone, despite the largest and best equipped army in Central America, you face a popular revolution at home. It is why the democratic resistance is able to operate freely deep in your heartland. But this revolution should come as no surprise to you; it is only the revolution you promised the people and that you then betrayed. The goal of United States policy toward Nicaragua is simple. It is the goal of the Nicaraguan people and the freedom fighters, as well. It is democracy -- real, free, pluralistic, constitutional democracy. Understand this: We will not, and the world community will not, accept phony democratization designed to mask the perpetuation of dictatorship. In this 200th year of our own Constitution, we know that real democracy depends on the safeguards of an institutional structure that prevents a concentration of power. It is that which makes rights secure. The temporary relaxation of controls, which can later be tightened, is not democratization. And, again, to the Sandinistas, I say: We continue to hope that Nicaragua will become part of the genuine democratic transformation that we have seen throughout Central America in this decade. We applaud the principles embodied in the Guatemala agreement, which links the security of the Central American democracies to democratic reform in Nicaragua. Now is the time for you to shut down the military machine that threatens your neighbors and assaults your own people. You must end your stranglehold on internal political activity. You must hold free and fair national elections. The media must be truly free, not censored or intimidated or crippled by indirect measures, like the denial of newsprint or threats against journalists or their families. Exiles must be allowed to return to minister, to live, to work, and to organize politically. Then, when persecution of religion has ended and the jails no longer contain political prisoners, national reconciliation and democracy will be possible. Unless this happens, democratization will be a fraud. And until it happens, we will press for true democracy by supporting those fighting for it. Freedom in Nicaragua or Angola or Afghanistan or Cambodia or Eastern Europe or South Africa or anyplace else on the globe is not just an internal matter. Some time ago the Czech dissident writer Vaclav Havel warned the world that ``respect for human rights is the fundamental condition and the sole genuine guarantee of true peace.'' And Andrei Sakharov in his Nobel lecture said: ``I am convinced that international confidence, mutual understanding, disarmament, and international security are inconceivable without an open society with freedom of information, freedom of conscience, the right to publish, and the right to travel and choose the country in which one wishes to live.'' Freedom serves peace; the quest for peace must serve the cause of freedom. Patient diplomacy can contribute to a world in which both can flourish. We're heartened by new prospects for improvement in East-West and particularly U.S.-Soviet relations. Last week Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze visited Washington for talks with me and with the Secretary of State, Shultz. We discussed the full range of issues, including my longstanding efforts to achieve, for the first time, deep reductions in U.S. and Soviet nuclear arms. It was 6 years ago, for example, that I proposed the zero-option for U.S. and Soviet longer range, intermediate-range nuclear missiles. I'm pleased that we have now agreed in principle to a truly historic treaty that will eliminate an entire class of U.S. and Soviet nuclear weapons. We also agreed to intensify our diplomatic efforts in all areas of mutual interest. Toward that end, Secretary Shultz and the Foreign Minister will meet again a month from now in Moscow, and I will meet again with General Secretary Gorbachev later this fall. We continue to have our differences and probably always will. But that puts a special responsibility on us to find ways -- realistic ways -- to bring greater stability to our competition and to show the world a constructive example of the value of communication and of the possibility of peaceful solutions to political problems. And here let me add that we seek, through our Strategic Defense Initiative, to find a way to keep peace through relying on defense, not offense, for deterrence and for eventually rendering ballistic missiles obsolete. SDI has greatly enhanced the prospects for real arms reduction. It is a crucial part of our efforts to ensure a safer world and a more stable strategic balance. We will continue to pursue the goal of arms reduction, particularly the goal that the General Secretary and I agreed upon: a 50-percent reduction in our respective strategic nuclear arms. We will continue to press the Soviets for more constructive conduct in the settling of regional conflicts. We look to the Soviets to honor the Helsinki accords. We look for greater freedom for the Soviet peoples within their country, more people-to-people exchanges with our country, and Soviet recognition in practice of the right of freedom of movement. We look forward to a time when things we now regard as sources of friction and even danger can become examples of cooperation between ourselves and the Soviet Union. For instance, I have proposed a collaboration to reduce the barriers between East and West in Berlin and, more broadly, in Europe as a whole. Let us work together for a Europe in which force of the threat -- or, force, whether in the form of walls or of guns, is no longer an obstacle to free choice by individuals and whole nations. I have also called for more openness in the flow of information from the Soviet Union about its military forces, policies, and programs so that our negotiations about arms reductions can proceed with greater confidence. We hear much about changes in the Soviet Union. We're intensely interested in these changes. We hear the word glasnost, which is translated as ``openness'' in English. ``Openness'' is a broad term. It means the free, unfettered flow of information, ideas, and people. It means political and intellectual liberty in all its dimensions. We hope, for the sake of the peoples of the U.S.S.R., that such changes will come. And we hope, for the sake of peace, that it will include a foreign policy that respects the freedom and independence of other peoples. No place should be better suited for discussions of peace than this hall. The first Secretary-General, Trygve Lie, said of the United Nations: ``With the danger of fire, and in the absence of an organized fire department, it is only common sense for the neighbors to join in setting up their own fire brigades.'' Joining together to drown the flames of war -- this, together with a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was the founding ideal of the United Nations. It is our continuing challenge to ensure that the U.N. lives up to these hopes. As the Secretary-General noted some time ago, the risk of anarchy in the world has increased, because the fundamental rules of the U.N. Charter have been violated. The General Assembly has repeatedly acknowledged this with regard to the occupation of Afghanistan. The charter has a concrete practical meaning today, because it touches on all the dimensions of human aspiration that I mentioned earlier -- the yearning for democracy and freedom, for global peace, and for prosperity. This is why we must protect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from being debased as it was through the infamous ``Zionism is Racism'' resolution. We cannot permit attempts to control the media and promote censorship under the ruse of a so-called ``New World Information Order.'' We must work against efforts to introduce contentious and nonrelevant issues into the work of the specialized and technical agencies, where we seek progress on urgent problems -- from terrorism to drug trafficking to nuclear proliferation -- which threaten us all. Such efforts corrupt the charter and weaken this organization. There have been important administrative and budget reforms. They have helped. The United States is committed to restoring its contribution as reforms progress. But there is still much to do. The United Nations was built on great dreams and great ideals. Sometimes it has strayed. It is time for it to come home. It was Dag Hammarskjold who said: ``The end of all political effort must be the well-being of the individual in a life of safety and freedom.'' Well, should this not be our credo in the years ahead? I have spoken today of a vision and the obstacles to its realization. More than a century ago a young Frenchman, Alexis de Tocqueville, visited America. After that visit he predicted that the two great powers of the future world would be, on one hand, the United States, which would be built, as he said, ``by the plowshare,'' and, on the other, Russia, which would go forward, again, as he said, ``by the sword.'' Yet need it be so? Cannot swords be turned to plowshares? Can we and all nations not live in peace? In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of humanity. Perhaps we need some outside, universal threat to make us recognize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world. And yet, I ask you, is not an alien force already among us? What could be more alien to the universal aspirations of our peoples than war and the threat of war? Two centuries ago, in a hall much smaller than this one, in Philadelphia, Americans met to draft a Constitution. In the course of their debates, one of them said that the new government, if it was to rise high, must be built on the broadest base: the will and consent of the people. And so it was, and so it has been. My message today is that the dreams of ordinary people reach to astonishing heights. If we diplomatic pilgrims are to achieve equal altitudes, we must build all we do on the full breadth of humanity's will and consent and the full expanse of the human heart. Thank you, and God bless you all.”

[US Celebrates End of War] 8/26/1945. Crowd gathered in Wash DC / Pres Truman reading official statement of Japan's surrender / Cheering crowds / woman holds up newspaper headline / shots of sailors and G.I.'s in crowds having fun w/ the ladies / fireworks in Chinatown Sailors acting drunken / group marching together, one guy holding up sign reading "Go to it Admiral" (Halsey) [030505] HAS of massive crowd in NYC / ticker-tape / CU of happy faces / Night Shots: crowds along Broadway [030612] Gasoline Ban Lifted: Motorists go wild as O.P.A. lifts gas restrictions. And gas station employees out-do themselves in returning to pre-war efficiency. [030705] Reconversion Outlook: John W. Snyder, Reconversion chief, states that the govt. is committed t a program which will provide jobs for all who want to work. [030800] The Atomic Bomb: Scientist gather in the heart of a desert in New Mexico for the first test firing of America's secret weapon, the Atomic Bomb / LS of the explosion. [030845] Post War Life in Berlin: G. I.'s do a land office business in selling scarce commodities to Russian soldiers and Berliners. And when fraternization is permitted, they really fraternize with the lonely frauleins at the nightclub "Femina" / VS of G.I.'s on beach w/ German women / CU of a G.I. asleep on beach.