US/MEXICO Border Patrol reel ends

New Mexico, United States of America (USA). <br/> <br/>After Francisco "Pancho" Villa made a raid into the United States in 1916, the Americans made a brief retaliation raid of Mexico and tried to track down Villa unsuccessfully. <br/> <br/>This is footage of the US Army at the Mexican border. Opens with shot of a priest speaking outside a tent with a little altar and an Army officer standing behind him. Shot of masses of American soldiers dropping to one knee to pray holding their hats. Pan across the kneeling soldiers. They stand up and put hats back on. <br/> <br/>Military, religion, prayer, ceremony. <br/> <br/>Modified WPA record.

high-angle shots of Poncho Villa's forces attacking New Mexico; uphillattack against building; Villa horseback CU; Texas Rangers ride: 2 Mexican prisoners CU; Brig. Gen. Pershing CU takes command; US forces march into Mexico,set up camps in border towns on Mexican soil; US fortifies border; in charge of US censorship (?), young Douglas MacArthur seen in civilian clothes at US Capitol in very interesting shot; Mac CU; Mexican commander Gen. Gonzales CU; his force attacks Pershing scouts; US cavalry rides; Mex. retreat; US forces in action; prisoners exchanged; US NEGRO troops return ; one CU grinning, eating WATERMELON!!!

US-Mexican Border Bridge Pact Dooms Gay Peon Weekends

American politician and later, a federal government official. After serving three terms as a congressman from Arizona, he served as Secretary of the Interior from 1961 to 1969, under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. In this interview he talks mostly about his son who was a conscientious objector and fled to Canada instead of being drafted THE FIRST QUESTION I WANTED TO ASK YOU WAS ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCES IN WORLD WAR TWO. DID YOU HAVE ANY SECOND THOUGHTS OR HESITATION ABOUT GOING INTO THI! AIR FORCE IN WORLD WAR ll? Well, in the beginning - by that I mean 1939 - I was just 19, but t studied and thought a lot about it, and then I was a Mormon missionary for two years. I was a Mormon missionary at the time of Pearl Harbour Jn the eastern part of the United States, and t had strong feelings against war then, and I actually considered in the beginning being a conscientious objector, but of course that all changed and when I saw Hitler, what kind of a confrontation he presented to civilization, I changed my views, and I enlisted in the air force, and I was an enlisted gunner, a sargeant in bombers in Italy. I'M WONDERING THEN, IF YOU HAD BEEN PRESENTED WITH THIS SITUATION IN VIETNAM, A DIFFERENT WAR, IF YOU WERE YOUNGER, WHAT YOU MIGHT HAVE DONE. HAVE YOU THOUGHT ABOUT THAT? Well my experience prior to World War II I guess maybe made me a little more sensitive with my children, having - you know you lean towards the pacifist approach. After all, here we were, 20 years after World War I and the same nation's back at it again. and it just seemed counter-productive to some people, and I was in that category, I was bothered by it. Well let the Europeans have another war. Why should we get involved jn it, you see, and I guess that conditioned me to be more more understanding, I hope it did. BUT HAVE YOU THOUGHT ABOUT, IF YOU HAD BEEN YOUNG DURING VIET NAM - YOU TALKED ABOUT HOW HITLER WAS SUCH AN OBVIOUS MENACE. DURING VIET NAM MAYBE THE MENACE WAS DIFFERENT. 2:58 "" Well I can understand or ( could understand the war protest movement because had ambivalent feelings myself, in (as 1 think there were three or four of us in President Johnson's cabinet that probably would have qualified or designated at that time as doves - the hawks and doves - I think we essentially had some 3:45 No, my feelings didn't run that strong - doubts about the war, but you the way our government operated under Kennedy and Johnson, there was in effect the war cabinet and the rest of the cabinet, and we were never brought in on decisions, and that made it particularly when you had a job as I did, that I thought was wonderful and the best job in the country and I was doing things that were positive, and I thought good for the country, so why should I break off, since I was not involved in the war decision making.// 4:29 WHEN PEOPLE ARE CONFRONTED WITH A CONFLICT BETWEEN PATRIOTISM - (prompt) WHAT SHOULD PEOPLE DO WHEN THEY'RE CONFRONTED WITH A CONFLICT BETWEEN PATRIOTISM SUCH AS STEVEN DECATUR'S MY COUNTRY RIGHT OR WRONG, AND A QUESTION OF HIGHER PRINCIPLE, THAT THEY BELIEVE IS HIGHER, SUCH AS HENRY DAVID THOREAU GOING TO JAIL RATHER THAN SUPPORT THE MEXICAN WAR. IM JUST WONDERING, WHEN PEOPLE ARE IN THAT KIND OF CONFLICT, AS MANY PEOPLE WERE DURING VIET NAM, WHAT THEY SHOULD DO? Well the the old concept - you know, my country right or wrong - is really very primitive when you examine it closely, and in a nation like ours, that makes - or has strong- feelings about morality and individuality, cause that's what a democracy Is all about, then it's inevitable it seems to me that - (noise interrupts) THAT'S A WONDERFUL ANSWER. MAYBE START AGAIN. YOU WERE SAYING THAT YOU THOUGHT MY COUNTRY RIGHT OR WRONG WAS PRIMITIVE. DO YOU WANT TO REPEAT THAT? Well the old 100 percent blind patriotism - my country right or wrong - is really rather primitive when you look at it-, and I think in the last 100 years or so In this country there has developed great subtlety in terms of the right of the individual to have a position of conscience.· We did respect conscientious objectors in both of the big wars and that becomes part of the tradition.. 0f course what you had happen with Viet Nam is that rather than having a small group of people who had problems of conscience, the problems of conscience were with the young people who were being asked to serve in this war, and that's what made it so intense and turbulent and unusual. CAN YOU ELABORATE ON THAT, ABOUT THE INTENSITY AND TURBULENCE IN THE VIET NAM ANTI-WAR PROBLEM WITH THE DRAFT? Well when you saw high school and college age students feeling so deeply that they would do desperate public things, Jt was clear that here was an un.usual situation. I often wondered whether some of our leaders - President Johnson for example - Fully understood the position that young people were put in, and that this was something different than Korea or World War II and so on. It wasn't just another war, and that's what made this such a remarkable exceptional situation for the United States to find itself in, in the 1960's. DID THIS ISSUE EVER COME UP IN CABINET? THE DRAFT? THE ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT? No, these things weren't discussed. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE IMPACT OF THE VIET NAM WAR WAS ON AMERICA, ON THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, ON THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SERVICE? 7:57 Well, looking back on it now, I can see more clearly things that I had intimations of at that time. This did damage to our society. I think we lose something when we lose the draft, when we lost the idea that young people should serve their country. I think that's something important and precious and we lost it as a result of this war, and the divisions it produced in the country. I think my own political party - the Democratic party, which has always represented the more liberal point of view like the Viet Nam war shattered the Democratic party, it's never been the same since, and I think some of the older Democrats like myself are beginning to recognize how serious this was, and I think this has done harm to the liberal spirit of this country. It's it's put It In a position, a subordinate position, whereas during Roosevelt's time and I think up through Kennedy certainly you could say that the liberal spirit was a dominant Important part or life in the United States. RIGHT. RJGHT. THOSE ARE ALL WONDERFUL ANSWERS. I'LL GO NOW TO SCOTT, SPECIFICALLY. WHY DID SCOTT JOIN THE REGULAR ARMY WHEN HE HAD OTHER OPTIONS AFTER COLLEGE, SUCH AS THE NATIONAL GUARD OR RESERVES? WHAT MADE HIM DECIDE TO TAKE THAT ROUTB? Well he was - be got a low draft number and he could have stayed in college and saved a few years, but he's very independent-minded and he just decided that he'd take his chances and he'd do it. I wasn't sure with him whether be would show up when he was drafted and that he might - I was very uneasy about it. But he did. He came. He went through boot camp at Fort Benning- in the summer, and I think this was a way of showing himself and maybe the rest of us that it wasn't physical stamina or physical courage that he was lacking in, that he could go through this experience., which he did, and really it was after that that he made his decision. He'd finished. He had an assignment to communications school,, where he would have tone. He wasn't being sent immediately to Viet Nam, but then it came out in him that lf he thought the war was wrong and he wanted to protest that be had to do something, and I was surprised - you know I never got a chance to talk wlth him before he deserted and went to New Mexico, and then friends took him on to Canada. DO YOU REGRET NOT HAVING TALKED TO HIM? Well I talked to him later. I talked to him when I went to Canada, and I could see then how strong his convictions were. You have to recognize, and I could see this at the time, for a young person like, in the dead of winter as it were, to leave your country, to go to a foreign country, that•s a decision that took enormous courage. I think all of these young men and women who left the United States had to have very strong convictions. YoU don't make that kind of decision particularly in a country like the United States where we're always saying to ourselves, this is a wonderful country and it's a generous country and yet suddenly you had this situation where it appeared to a lot or young people not as a generous country, and as a country that was fighting a war that was unjust and crueL WHY DID SCOTT DESERT? WAS THERE A PARTICULAR MOTIVATION? I don't think there was any any specific thing that that triggered it. (overlapping) No, I'm not sure that that was a trigger. I think he thought - he said this after-wards - that maybe if some of the sons of prominent people deserted and went to Canada that that might send a signal and that might change things. That was of course the judgment of a young man and I'm not sure it was right, but he had some of those kinds of feelln-gs and convictions. HIS DESERTION WAS NOT WIDELY REPORTED AT THE TIME, I DON'T THINK. DO YOU KNOW WHY IT WASN'T REPORTED OR - ? No, after all, unless unless a person sets out to dramatize what they have done, like a lot of the war protestors did later. Of course, they were trying to create attention to themselves, but the sort of thing th.at Scott did is a personal statement and I don't know why it didn1t get more publicity but it didn1t. CAN YOU DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENED WHEN ,YOU CROSSED THE BORDER AT CHRISTMAS IN 1969? I GUESS THE FIRST QUESTION IS, HOW DID YOU FIND OUT SCOTT DESERTED? 14:36 Well we - we knew - he came through Washington/Fas in Georgia and gathered up some of his things, and went to New Mei{co where we had friends, we had family friends there, and I think my wife and I talked to him. on the_phone and so on. But he_quickly, because he sensed there might be danger, a friend of his drove him to Edmonton and this was in this was in December. The winter - was there and so on so I decided

A guard of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Border Patrol keeps a vigilant watch from near a border marker stone at the USA-Mexico international border, at Tijuana. The headquarters of the services. Officers move to a car to perform their routine patrols. Location: Tijuana Mexico. Date: January 1939.

Hispanics cross the border between Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Mexico.

Rebel forces in Mexico, shot of Mexican leader Venustiano Carranza, still of Pancho Villa, still of Emiliano Zapatta, still of raiders, Columbus, New Mexico, General Pershing, US cavalry en route to Mexico, US troops inside Mexico, Wilson at michrophone, US troops leaving Mexico

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Shockwaves destroy border town buildings in Mexico

"This Land of Ours California," an educational short film, features scenes of the U.S.-Mexican border. Drivers check in with the border guards.

A LOOK AT AN AVERAGE DAY FOR A U.S. BORDER PATROL AGENT

US/MEXICO Border Patrol reel begins

Note: top of title obscured, rest reads - visits army in north Juarez, Mexico. General Gonzalo Escobar, head of revolution, arrives in private car. <br/> <br/>M/S of the man getting off a train. C/U of his face. <br/> <br/>Intertitle - 'the warrior takes no chances - see his bodyguard.' M/S of soldiers lined up, they turn and march. <br/> <br/>Intertitle - 'General Marcelino Murrietta, rebel commander in Juarez, awaits Federal advance.' <br/> <br/>M/S of the General stood there, C/U as he smiles. <br/> <br/>Intertitle - 'rebels troops go to aid army defending Naco.' M/S as train leaves with people inside and on top. <br/> <br/>Intertitle - 'getting ready for the Federal attack.' M/S of men sat in the desert with their guns. M/S as one man loads his, another man strums a guitar. M/S of men at their guns, M/S of them stood on a ridge. <br/> <br/>Intertitle - 'U.S. Cavalry from Fort Bliss patrol the border near Juarez.' M/S as the cavalrymen ride up the hill and down the other side, trying not to slip in the sand, L/S as they walk along.

US soldiers arriving by train at US border with Mexico during Cristero War in Mexico

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, covering a news story by reporter Jack Brown about the cattle/meat industry in the United States. Clip features people working in a meat factory and information about a herd of cattle coming in from Mexico that members of the American Agriculture Movement will be protesting and attempting to prevent from entering the U.S. border.

A border stone with Spanish lettering, showing limit of international boundaries of Mexico. The checkpoint at the US-Mexican border in Tijuana. Trucks loaded with sacks, cars and the passengers checked by the Custom Inspectors. License plates on the cars can be seen. Location: Tijuana Mexico. Date: January 1939.

00:00:00:00 - (0:00)/

00:28:00:00,NEWS #147, WAVE MAKING MACHINE IS TESTED MAN MADE WAVES, SOUTH AMERICAN'S GREET HOLLAND'S QUEEN JULIANNA DUTCH GUYANESE CITIZENS GREET QUEEN JULIANNA QUEEN'S BOAT PADDLES UP RIVER, JOHN FOSTER DULLES AT OPENING OF VIENNA OPERA JOHN FOSTER DULLES AT OPERA CLARE BOOTH LUCE AT OPERA AUSTRALIAN PRESIDENT AT OPERA HENRY FORD II AT OPERA, AUSTRALIAN AIR SHOW INTERIOR:AUSTRALIAN OPERA HOUSE PLANES DROP BOMBS AT AIR SHOW GIANT ROTORS TURN CLOUDS OF SMOKE CROWD CHEERS PARACHUTES LAND, FASHIONS: EVENING GOWNS FOR THE HOLIDAYS MODELS WEAR EVENING GOWNS, WEST VIRGINIA (13) - GEORGE WASHINGTON (7) GAME ACTION, OKLAHOMA (26) - MISSOURI (3) GAME ACTION NEWS #148 (00:35:00:00), ADLAI STEVENSON ANNOUNCES PRESIDENTIAL RUN ADLAI STEVENSON CONCESSION SPEECH 1952 (SOUND) ADLAI STEVENSON ANNOUNCES FOR PRESIDENTIAL TRY (SOUND), U.S. TESTS FACTORS OF ICING OF PLANE WINGS ICING PLANES WINGS, LOS ANGELES FIRES WALLS OF FACTORY TUMBLE DURING INFERNO FACTORY INFERNO, WEST GERMANY ARMY IS REBORN GERMAN ARMY OFFICERS INFANTRY GUNS FIRE, HERCULES CARGO PLANE IS TEST LOADED CARGO PLANE~INTERIOR: TROOPS RUN OUT OF PLANE LOADING CARGO INTO PLANE NATIONALIST CHINESE HOLD WAR GAMES CHINESE UNLOAD AMMUNITION, CAMPBELL SETS 216MPH WATER SPEED RECORD BOAT RACES ON COURSE, COPTERSKIING IN CYPRESS GARDENS MAN IN COPTER SKIS FROM MOTORBOAT MOVIE CAMERA, REDSKINS (7) - 49ERS (0) GAME ACTION NEWS #149 (00:41:30:00), MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS CROSS BORDER ILLEGALLY MEXICANS ROUNDED UP IN FIELDS MEXICAN WALK THROUGH GATE TO RETURN TO MEXICO ILLEGAL MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS CAPTURED BY BORDER GUARDS GUARDS CHECK IDENTITY CARDS OF MEXICANS, QUEEN AND PHILLIP ARRIVE IN AUSTRALIA QUEEN AND PHILLIP RIDE THROUGH CROWD QUEEN AT CHILDREN'S DAY CELEBRATION, PRESS PHOTOGRAPHERS BALL QUEEN IS CHOSEN JACKIE HARRIS-MISS PRESS PHOTOGRAPHER BEAUTY CONTESTANTS PARADE SURFERS, BROTHERHOOD WITH GENERAL MARK CLARK CLARK SPEAKS ABOUT BROTHERHOOD~GENERAL MARK KOREAN WAR ACTION BATHING BEAUTIES PRIMP, SPORTS (BASEBALL,BOBSLEDDING), BASEBALL STARS PLAY GOLF ED LOPAT AL DARK ALLIE REYNOLDS PAUL WANER & HEINIE MENUSCH HEINIE MENUSCH PHIL RIZZUTO YOGI BERRA FRED HUTCHISON WINS BASEBALL'S GOLF TOURNAMENT, BOBSLED RACING ON SLEDS BOYS RACE DOWN BOBSLED TRACK BOBSLEDDING NEWS #150 (00:48:40:00), FASHION: WOOL FASHIONS AT AMBASSADOR HOTEL WOOL FASHIONS FOR WOMEN, PARKOMAT OPENS IN WASHINGTON D.C. ENTERING PARKING LOT CAR LOADED ON ELEVATOR CAR RISES ON ELEVATOR CAR AUTOMATICALLY PARKED IN SPOT, 56 DIE IN NEW JERSEY PLANE CRASH EYEWITNESS TO NEW JERSEY PLANE CRASH SPEAKS (SOUND) WRECKED PLANE BY DAYLIGHT WRECKED PLANE IN ELIZABETH RIVER SEARCH FOR BODIES CARRYING BODIES FROM PLANE CRASH, HOUSE IN THE SKY IN LOS ANGELES HOUSE BUILT ONTO LOS ANGELES HILLSIDE, U.N. TRUCE TEAM TRIES TO BREAK KOREA DEADLOCK TRUCE TEAMS TALK ABOUT PEACE IN KOREA, WATER SKIING TOURNAMENT WATER SKI JUMPING WATER SKIIERS, 49ERS (21) - LIONS (17) GAME ACTION CROWD CHEERS,NEWS #151 (00:55:30:00), BEAUTY CONTEST IN ATLANTIC CITY: MISS PRESS PHOTOG BEAUTY CONTESTANTS MISS PRESS PHOTOGRAPHER RECEIVES AWARD, GOVERNMENT CRISIS IN FRANCE PREMIER LANIELLE IS OUSTED AFTER 11 MONTHS FRENCH MINISTERS, FIRST NATIONAL ATOMIC BOMB DEFENSE DRILL EISENHOWER LEADS PEOPLE TO SHELTERS POLICE FLAG DOWN CARS ON CHICAGO STREETS EMPTY TIMES SQUARE DESERTED NEW YORK CITY STREETS PEOPLE TAKE COVER IN NEW YORK THEATRE MARQUEE: DIAL M FOR MURDER DESERTED WASHINGTON STREETS, MATADOR JET PLANE IS LAUNCHED MATADOR JET IN FLIGHT JETS IN FLIGHT B17 IN FLIGHT, QUEEN REVIEWS 'TROOPING THE COLORS' QUEEN ELIZABETH AT 28 ON HORSEBACK QUEEN'S FAMILY WATCH FROM BALCONY HOUSEHOLD CAVALRY SOLDIERS MARCH ON LONDON STREETS, SANTEE BEATS BARTHEL IN MILE RACE, BELMONT STAKES RACE ACTION HIGHGUN BEATS FISHERMAN

[Border Crossing, Tia Juana]

TALKING WITH ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS