HZ Denmark Algae Plant

Light microscopy of the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Each alga is some 10 micrometres in diameter. It swims with two flagellae. It has a cell wall made of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, a large cup-shaped chloroplast, a large pyrenoid, and an eyespot that senses light. Although widely distributed worldwide in soil and fresh water, C. reinhardtii is used primarily as a model organism in biology. C. reinhardtii is also of interest in the biopharmaceuticals industry and the biofuel field, as a source of hydrogen.

NAME: NTH BIO PLANE 20080224I TAPE: EF08/0215 IN_TIME: 10:32:57:14 DURATION: 00:02:31:02 SOURCES: AP TELEVISION/VIRGIN DATELINE: Schiphol - 24 Feb 2008/ Recent RESTRICTIONS: SHOTLIST VIRGIN ATLANTIC HANDOUT Amsterdam, Netherlands - 24 February 2008 1. Virgin Atlantic's Boeing 747 landing (++MUTE++) London, UK - 24 February 2008 2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Richard Branson, Virgin Atlantic President: "It's an historic day, and we believe that as a result of what's happened today, we can now start developing biofuel for the future that hopefully the whole of Virgin Atlantic can use, and other airlines too. The particular fuel that we'll (be) looking at and working on is algae." VIRGIN ATLANTIC HANDOUT Amsterdam, Netherlands - 24 February 2008 3. Various of 747 being refuelled AP TELEVISION Brussels, Belgium - 22 February 2008 4. Exterior of the European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E) 5. Mid of sign 6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jos Dings, Director of European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E): "I am not saying that all biofuels are bad but I would really like to urge Virgin to look to the cleanest ones, the ones that use as little land as possible. For example from waste streams, for example the future developments in algae are very interesting and also if you plant biofuel on desert land, idle land, degraded land this is of course beneficial for the land in question. But economics often dictate that that is not going to happen. So, that is the problem. The industry currently looks for the cheapest biofuel available and we need to go for the cleanest ones and that is not happening at this point." 7. Various of Dings typing on keyboard STORYLINE The world's first commercial flight powered with biofuel has landed at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport. The goal of Sunday's Virgin Atlantic jumbo jet test flight from London to the Netherlands was to show that biofuels can produce less carbon dioxide than normal jet fuels. "It's an historic day, and we believe that as a result of what's happened today, we can now start developing biofuel for the future that hopefully the whole of Virgin Atlantic can use, and other airlines too. The particular fuel that we'll (be) looking at and working on is algae," Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Atlantic's president said. Before the plane took off from London's Heathrow Airport, Branson said what Virgin was trying to prove was that biofuel could be used in current day jet engines at 30,000 feet. Some analysts praised the Boeing 747 test flight as a potentially useful experiment. But others criticised it as a publicity stunt by Branson and noted that scientists are questioning the environmental benefits of biofuels. "I would really like to urge Virgin to look to the cleanest ones, the ones that use as little land as possible," said Jos Dings, Director of European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E). "Future developments in algae are very interesting and also if you plant biofuel on desert land, idle land, degraded land this is of course beneficial for the land in question," Dings told AP Television in Brussels. However, Ding said, "economics often dictate that that is not going to happen. So, that is the problem. The industry currently looks for the cheapest biofuel available and we need to go for the cleanest ones and that is not happening at this point." Virgin Atlantic spokesman Paul Charles predicted biofuel would produce much less CO2 than regular jet fuel, but said it will take weeks to analyze the data from Sunday's flight. It is just the latest example of how the world's airlines are jumping on the environmental bandwagon by trying to find ways of reducing aviation's carbon footprint. These efforts have included everything from finding alternative jet fuels, to developing engines that burn existing fuels more slowly, to changing the way planes land. The experiment by Virgin Atlantic and its partners - Boeing and General Electric - also comes at a time when high oil prices and the US economic slowdown are promoting consolidation in the airline industry. Aircraft engines cause noise pollution and emit gases and particulates that reduce air quality and contribute to global warming and global dimming, where dust and ash from natural and industrial sources block the sun to create a cooling effect. About a year ago, the European Commission said greenhouse gas emissions from aviation account for about 3 percent of the total in the European Union and have increased by 87 percent since 1990 as air travel cheapened. Charles said Virgin's Boeing 747-400 jet and its engines did not have to be redesigned to use an existing biofuel on the one-hour test flight from London's Heathrow Airport to Schiphol Airport near Amsterdam. He said CO2 emissions on a normal flight are generally three times the fuel burned, and that technical engineers on the test flight will take readings and analyze data to estimate its greenhouse gas emissions. The world is currently rushing to develop biofuels, especially ethanol from corn and cellulosic feedstock such as switchgrass and woodchips, as a substitute for gasoline. But recent scientific studies have found that almost all biofuels cause more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels, if the full emissions costs of producing these alternative fuels are considered. To support biofuel development, a large amount of natural land is being converted to cropland globally. The destruction of natural ecosystems releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere when they are burned and ploughed, and deprives the planet of natural sponges that absorb carbon emissions. In addition, cropland absorbs far less carbon than the rain forests or even scrubland that it replaces. Still, Virgin Atlantic is not the only airline conducting or planning test flights with non-traditional fuels. Earlier this month, an Airbus A380, the world's largest passenger jet, became the first commercial plane to be powered by alternative fuel on a test flight. The superjumbo's Britain-to-France flight was powered with a blend of regular fuel and liquid fuel processed from gas. Air New Zealand also plans next year to join up with Rolls-Royce Group and Boeing to conduct a test flight of a Boeing 747, partly running on biofuel.

Botryococcus algae. Time-lapse light microscopy footage of Botryococcus braunii freshwater green algae. These oil-forming algae are known to have produced oil in prehistoric sediments. This species can be used to produce biofuel. This footage is three times faster than normal speed.

NAME: NZ BIOFUEL 20081231Ix TAPE: EF08/1310 IN_TIME: 10:36:29:02 DURATION: 00:01:58:21 SOURCES: TVNZ DATELINE: Auckland, 30 Dec 2008 RESTRICTIONS: No Access New Zealand SHOTLIST ++AUDIO QUALITY AS INCOMING++ 1. Pilots waving and entering aircraft 2. Wide of plane on tarmac 3. Close up of engine 4. Close up of cockpit 5. Plane taking off 6. SOUNDBITE (English) David Morgan, Air NZ Chief Pilot: ++PARTLY OVERLAID BY PLANE TAKING OFF, JETROPHA SEEDS, OIL AND JET FUEL++ "Jatropha is a plant that grows in the tropics either side of the equator its a plant that people can't eat and stock can't eat cos its mildly poisonous but it produces a seed and that seed contains oil and that oil can be refined into a jet fuel." 7. Plane rising sharply as it takes off 8. Various of plane flying 9. SOUNDBITE (English) Ruud Kleinpaste, Entomologist: ++PARTLY OVERLAID BY PLANE, ENGINE AND PILOTS IN COCKPIT++ "If we can actually yield carbon not from fossilised sunlight but from stuff that you can grow with the minimum amount of impact on this world and that is where I see the big benefit of bio-fuels it also helps bio-diversity with all the plants and all the creatures around us in this world." 10. Plane landing 11. Wide of crowd awaiting its arrival 12. Front view of plane taxiing 13. Pilots walking down stairs 14. Crowd clapping 15. Pilots shaking hands with official 16. Pull out from nose of plane 17. Aerial of plane on tarmac 18. Zoom in on engine 19. Aerial of plane STORYLINE Air New Zealand on Tuesday has tested a passenger jet powered partially with oil from a plum-sized fruit known as jatropha, in efforts to reduce its carbon footprint and cut its fuel bill. With its test flight, the airline became the latest carrier experiment with alternative fuels, partly due to the threat of rising oil prices but also to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from aviation, which are projected to rise by up to 90 percent by 2020 according to European Commission projections. Air New Zealand said the two-hour flight from Auckland International Airport was the first to use what are known as second generation bio-fuels to power an airplane. Second generation bio-fuels typically use a wider range of plants and release fewer emissions than traditional bio-fuels like ethanol. One engine of the Boeing 747-400 airplane was powered by a 50-50 blend of oil from jatropha plants and standard A1 jet fuel. Along with investing in new technology to replace outdated fleets and new designs that reduce weight and air resistance, the International Air Transport Association says airlines are experimenting with a range of plant materials in an effort to find the jet fuel of the future. The association, which represents 230 airlines, said it wants 10 percent of aviation fuel to come from bio-fuels by 2017 as part of a broad climate change plan. Air travel now generates only 2 percent of global carbon emissions that are believed to contribute to global warming, but the industry's high growth rate has raised concern about future emissions. Jatropha is a bush with round, plum-like fruit that has been found in parts of South America, Africa and Asia. David Morgan, Air New Zealand Chief Pilot said that jatropha was mildly poisonous but it produced a seed which contained oil that can be refined into a jet fuel. Seeds from jatropha are crushed to produce a yellowish oil that is refined and mixed with diesel. Tuesday's flight was a joint venture by Air New Zealand, airplane maker Boeing, engine maker Rolls Royce and bio-fuel specialist UOP Llc, a unit of Honeywell International. In February, Boeing and Virgin Atlantic carried out a similar test flight that included a bio-fuel mixture of palm and coconut oil - but that was dismissed as a publicity stunt by environmentalists who said the fuel could not be produced in the quantities needed for commercial aviation. Continental Airlines has said on January 7 it will operate a test flight out of Houston using a special blend of half conventional fuel and half bio-fuel with ingredients derived from algae and jatropha plants. Greenpeace New Zealand said it was inevitable that airlines would show greater interest in sustainable bio-fuels as travellers become more aware of the harm that air travel causes the environment. But the organisation said it wasn't clear whether jatropha was really sustainable. Greenpeace New Zealand questioned what the environmental impact would be if jatropha grew popular and more land and resources were needed to produce it on a commercial scale.

TT Denmark Algae Plant

MEEX Turkey Biorefinery

FTG OF REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE NEWT GINGRICH TOURING OTTO ENGINEERING IN CARPENTERSVILLE, ILLINOIS 15:39:50: Gingrich: "Well let me just say we're so delighted to be here at auto indsturies, Jack has been a great civic leader and a real advocate for free enterprise and a real advocate for the taxpayer so he has a reputation and a career that goes back many, many years. this is a great company as you'll see, this is a great example of innovation and work and why having entrepeneurs and having innovators and of course as you watch the innovation here he was just showing us there were some 800 parts in the space shuttle that came frm this country so it's fascinating how many different impacts it has. So it's facinating how many different impacts it has plus it creates jobs here in Illinois." 15:40:30: "So I was thinking about this, the whole theme of innovation is at the heart of the argument we're having over energy policy. Because it was innovative breakthroughs in new drilling technology which made possible the extraordinary increase in natural gas which we've now had and which has driven the price of natural gas down by substantitally increasing production. And the same innovation is happening in oil which is why in North Dakota they've now gone from a project 150 mil barrels of oil to a projected 24 bil barrels of oil that they have available and they think that probably understates the real supply. They think that with another one or two generations of innovation that they'll actually be up at around 500 bil barrels just in North Dakota." 15:41:22: "So things are changing dramatically, you know the President attacked my policies a few minutes ago and I just want to respond directly to the President while we have an opportunity like this, because I find it fascinating on a couple of grounds: President Obama asked the Saudis to pump more oil. Secretary Chu, the Secretary of energy said yesterday how grateful he was that the Saudis were pumping more oil. Now obviously they believe supply and demand works because they think that an additional supply of Saudi oil will drop the price and so they've very grateful to the Saudis who are willing to help Barack Obama get reeelected." 15:42:00: "That raises a couple of questions: if supply and demand works - why is the President for Saudi supply instead of American supply? And how does the President think the Saudis find the oil? They drill. So why is it that Saudi oil works but according to the President American drilling will fail? And the reason is all ideological. The President himself has cited natural gas. If the price of gasoline dropped as much as the price of natural gas has dropped since 2008, we'd be paying $1.13 a gallon. I just passed a gas station up the street here that is $4.59. Now if you go ask the people at that gas station, would you rather pay $1.13? Probably 99-100% would say yes, I'd rather pay $1.13." 15:42:52: "So what the President is saying - phase one of the President's defense was algae. And that got ridiculed so much he's now given up on algae at the moment." 15:43:00: "Phase two is: American oil is bad but Saudi oil is good. Now this is wrong on a couple of counts. First, I don't want the oil going to Saudi Arabia. I want the money going to American companies creating American jobs in American territories." "Second, it further increases our dependence on the Saudis who are the largest funders of terrorist education and the largest funders of radical Islamist education in the world. I don't want American Presidents who bow to the Saudi King. I want American Presidents who produce American oil within the United States, make us energy independent, precisely so that we don't turn to the Saudis. This is the worst of all policies. It takes money out of the US to prop up the Saudi King at a time when we want the money in the US to create American jobs." 15:43:48: "And finally, I'm really hoping the White House Press Corp will get the nerve to pursue this at some point and actually ask questions to the President in an aggressive way. How can he say supply and demand doesn't work- when suppy and demand does work if it's Saudi supply?" 15:44::07: "How can he say drilling doesn't work when drilling does work for natural gas and drilling does work for Saudi Arabia? I mean this is clearly boloney." 15:44:14: "And I'm prepared to debate the President anytime, anyplace. I don't think he can defend this policy. I think this policy is total nonsense and I think the American people will recognize it for total nonsense. I think we should have an Ameican energy policy. We should open up off-shore. We should open up federal land. We should take the royalty money, set it to one side and use it to pay off the national debt. We should balance the budget over here and have a debt reduction fund over here and not put a penny of the oil royalties into balancing the budget but instead put into paying off the national debt. We'd be free of the Saudis and free of the Chinese with an American energy policy. And in the process we'd create several million new American jobs so I just want to lay that out. 15:44:59: "As I just said the President just said this about 2 hours ago so I want to take this opportunity to respond very directly to Barack Obama." (INAUDIBLE QUESTION ABOUT BIOFUELS) 15:45:17: "I don't ridicule biofuels, I support biofuels. Of course I've supported ethanol which is a biofuel. I've supported celulosic (?) which is a biofuel. I have friends at Texas A&M who are working on algae. the idea that algae is a solution this summer is a fantasy and he knows it's a fantasy. Now let's go a step further, let's talk flat earth society - new, innovative technologies - exactly Jack's whole life career, new innovative drilling has increased the amount of American natural gas from 7 to 125 years. So I'm for innovation. New, innovative technologies in natural gas has driven down the price so it would be the equivalent to a decline of $1.13 in oil. So I'm for innovation. 15:46:06: "I'm just asking the President who apparently belongs to the flat earth sierra club society (LAUGHTER) to consider that in fact, if we had the same level of drilling for oil, you know, ask the President - why is Saudi oil good and American oil bad? Why is Saudi drilling good and American drilling bad? This is utter intellectual nonsense. The fact is, the same amount of effort here we'd be producing the royalties. The Saudi King is going to get the royalties. The US government ought to be getting the royalties." 15:46:40: "So I just think that the President is defending a totally indefensible position and they just double downed on that position by bringing the Saudis into this and if he wants to represent Saudi oil and algae - I'll be happy to represent American oil and American jobs and we'll see this Fall who the American people to elect. Thank you all." (APPLAUSE) (INAUDIBLE QUESTION) 15:47:19: "Well in the first place, I have 175,000 donors - 95% of them give less than $250. So I'll be glad to match the average donation I get with the average donation Barack Obama gets for his SuperPAC. Now I'm not going to defend Mitt Romney who raised $3 mil on Wall Street last night in a fine expression of crony capitalism. People who got taxpayers funding gave money to Romney last night so they could run ads to make sure that they are still protected. But I will tell you flatly: I represent working, middle-class Americans." 15:47:56: "I am staying in this race, in part, because we got a thousand new donors yesterday who went online to newt.org. The average donation was a little over $50 and I'll match that up against Joe Biden's fundraising any day of the week." (INAUDIBLE QUESTION) "Yes, I will" "No - not yet, you'll love it" 15:48:21: "Actually I can give you a little bit of guidance, did you see the speech at Barrington or the talk I gave at the college a ltitle while ago? I think what you'll see is a much clearer definition of a visionary Conservative as compared to a sort of traditional Romney-Santorum Conservatism." (INAUDIBLE QUESTION) 15:48:45: "No - I want to fine tune my message to say: without the vision, people perish - you need a visionary leader with very big, very bold ideas. This is a very big, very bold country. And then we're going to have a series of things that are very specific, I mean I'm going to stay on gasoline frankly all summer and we are working right now - we're going to have a mouspad, a coffee cup, a wall chart, and a desktop set that has 'algae with Obama' and a drilling rig with Gingrich and $10 versus $2.50. So we're going to give you an entire array of things you can have. And if you really want you can have the entire set, it'll become the famous 'algae gasoline set' for someone who wants to have the whole package." 15:49:28: (OFF-CAMERA MALE REPORTER): "As a great fan of history how does it feel to be involved in this monstrous process?" 15:49:36: "You know the biggest surprise to me - and Callista and I were talking about this for the last 2 or 3 days - this is much more complicated than first of all I think it's the most complicated nomination since either 1940 or 1920. I mean, there's been nothing like this in the Republican Party. And I think it's the dual - I think there's been three big changes that I did not foresee: the one is that by having so many proportional states, it is very hard for someone to get 38 or 39% and win. So Romney who spent 6 years and 40 mil of his money and all this stuff, he's been avering I think 39%. Well, as long as that's proportional that means he's not getting to 50. And he's the frontrunner but I think he's the weakest frontrunner since Woods was back in 1920." 15:50:27: "Second - the scale of Romney's SUPERPAC makes it really hard to know him out. I mean just the fact that he went to Wall Street last night to raise 3 million dollars. So money will keep him afloat for awhile longer." 15:50:41: "But third - the inexpensiveness of the internet. The fact that we can send out as we did today a whole series of things to all of our donor and all of our supporters for virtually nothing. the fact that people can go online to newt.org and give money for virtually nothing. I mean it creates a low-cost campaign, so it's hard for him to knock us out and it's hard for us to knock him out. And that makes it a much longer campaign than I would have guessed." 15:51:09: "And then I frankly have had to spend the last couple of months trying to rethink - we had a model, the model really worked up until December when we ran into Romney's attack ads. And I was ahead by 21 point in Rasmussen and 15 in Gallup just being positive. And I think frankly, we made a mistake. We should have figured out someway to have transcended the attacks and stayed aggressively positive. And we're at sort of a half-time, Louisiana's sort of the half-way point, like a football team, we're having a half-time resetting of the game plan. We're going to go back to doing what we did up to the first attack ads which is very big ideas on brain science, on space, on for example paying off the national debt with royalties from natural gas. These are big concepts." 15:51:56: "And my opponents can ridicule them as they did on space but I think the country's not going to ridicule them. I think if you go to the country and say - 'how you would like $2.50 a gallon or less with security and we take the royalties to pay off the national debt.' All of a sudden you've got a lot of Americans going you know, this is an idea worthy of the size of the United States." (OFF-CAMERA QUESTION: DO YOU HAVE A SPECIAL MESSAGE FOR YOUR DELEGATES?) 15:52:25: "Campaign like crazy. (NEWT LAUGHS)" (APPLAUSE) (MAN COMES FORWARD: "Can I take you and your wife in and show you some pictures that we have in the other room and then we'll come right back through here - Gingrich: "Okay, we'll be right back, we're going to go see some pictures) BROLL OF GINGRICH TALKING WITH FACTORY HEAD, CHIT CHATTING, ETC. THEY THEN TOUR FACTORY FLOOR SHOWN PICTURES...CONTINUES TO TALK WITH HEAD OF FACTORY

Botryococcus algae. Time-lapse light microscopy footage of Botryococcus braunii freshwater green algae. These oil-forming algae are known to have produced oil in prehistoric sediments. This species can be used to produce biofuel. This footage is three times faster than normal speed.

Botryococcus braunii green algae, light microscopy footage. These freshwater green algae produce oil. They are known to be one of the sources of oil in prehistoric sediments. This species can be used to produce biofuel.

++Question on Romney's car line today-Newt implied making an issue of it was "silly." "I know there are times when this has to be silly. That's silly." Gingrich remarks: 19:06:03 I am glad to be here and we had a great meeting with the House members. About to go meet with the Senate members. As many of you know, we had very good events in Tri-cities with some 800 people yesterday. And in Spokane with over 600 people. We're going to go on to Federal Way and then up to Everett. But I really want to take a minute to say that tomorrow at the California State Convention, I'm going to take President Obama's energy speech yesterday, which is one of his more absurd speeches, and I'm going to methodically step-by-step go through and show you why what he's saying is absolute nonsense on energy. I'm going to take President Obama's energy speech yesterday which is one of his more absurd speeches, and I'm going to methodically step by step go through and show you why what he's saying is absolute nonsense on energy. The fact is the price of gasoline when he became president was 1.89 a gallon. The price when I was speaker was 1.13 a gallon. There's no reason we can't get back to a reasonably priced gasoline, reasonably priced at around 2.50 a gallon -- the president's speech yesterday -- the idea of offering algae as an alternative to drilling is such a stretch, and I favor biofuels and I know people at Texas A and M who are working on algae, but the idea that at any point in the near future, those kind of solutions are a substitute for drilling oil and gas really shows you how ideologically dedicated this president is to raising the price of energy for Americans. His secretary of energy said publicly that he wanted to get to the European level, the European level is 8,9, 10 dollars a gallon. I would like to get to an American level, an American level ought to be no more than 250 a gallon and tomorrow I'm going to lay out step by step why what he said is inaccurate and is wrong. I'll also say he claimed yesterday that he was for the all of the above approach that Republicans favored. I hope John Boehner will move an all-of-the-above bill and ask the White House to endorse it. And my prediction is, the minute they move that bill, that Obama will oppose it. Because the fact is yesterday's speech was politically baloney. This president has no interest in lowering the price of gasoline and diesel, he has no interest in solving the problem of energy independence, and if you look at how shaky the Middle East is, it is very clear that for national security reasons we need an American energy program that is independent of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran and we need it on a very agressive basis because you can't tell which day we could have a very serious problem of getting energy out of the Middle East. ++question about production actually being up: Production on federal land is actually down. The only production that is up is North Dakota which is on property that is private land. And even in North Dakota, Obama's U.S. Attorney has filed a lawsuit against the oil industry. So for the president to claim credit for the production he opposes while not admitting that he stopped the production he could have opened up, it's down 40 percent on federal land, it's down 40 percent in the Gulf. Those are areas the Obama administration has reduced production. And that's why I'm going to take tomorrow's speech and walk through methodically how fundamentally false the Obama speech in Florida was. ++What do you think about states passing same sex marriage bills "I think at least they're doing it the right way, which is going through voters, giving them a chance to vote and not having a handful of judges arbitrarily impose their will. I don't agree with it, I would vote no if it were on a referendum where I was but at least they're doing it the right way."

FTG OF REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE NEWT GINGRICH ADDRESSING THE ALABAMA REPUBLICAN PARTY PRESIDENTIAL FORUM AT THE ALABAMA THEATRE IN BIRMINGHAM, AL 031212 ***NOTE: Most of Q+A not logged*** 19:21:07 Gingrich is introduced but doesn't come out. 19:21:18 Man goes back behind the curtain to find Newt. 19:21:30 Man: "He's coming. He's on his way. He's on his way. I didn't talk long enough." 19:21:21 Ah, there's Newt! *****19:22:39 Gingrich: "Well, thank you for that very warm welcome. As somebody who went to high school in Columbus, GA, right next to AL, and then taught at West GA College, right next to AL, I kind of feel relatively at home. In fact, this morning, when I had grits, I thought it was a very normal thing to do. (applause) Although, I have to confess. I was down along the coast, so I had grits and shrimp, which is not exactly the Atlanta version.***** I'm delighted to be here. Callista and I are both thrilled by the very warm reception we've gotten everywhere, and I wanna take a couple of minutes of your time. Most of you know I almost never use written stuff, and I don't own a teleprompter, so I have to do a lot of stuff just off the cuff, (applause) but the President's Press Secretary today basically attacked me, because as many of you know, I've been talking about the need for an American energy policy, and the idea that we should develop our capacity for oil to a point where no American president would ever again bow to a Saudi king, (applause) and *****I have suggested that if we developed our energy capacity to the degree that we could, that that would bring down the price of gasoline, on the theory that supply and demand works. This is not something Obama's very used to. This is not a bureaucratic, trickle-down, shovel-ready, Solyndra-investment, 'let's go bankrupt together'- policy. (applause) And the president has made four, three speeches and a press conference on energy, which I'll come back to in a minute, but today I'm taking a particular note that Jay Carney said the following, talking about the President: 'What he is not willing to do is look the American people in the eye and claim there is a strategy by which he can guarantee the price of gas will be $2.50 at the pump.' He went on to say the following: 'Any politician who does that is lying, because that strategy does not exist. It is a simple fact that there is no such plan that can guarantee the price of oil or the price at the pump' Close quote."***** *****19:25:08 "That's been interpreted by the news media, since I am t eh only person talking about $2.50, as probably being an attack on me, so I wanna take this moment to respond to the President and to his Press Secretary, and say, first of all, Mr. President, I would be happy to debate you anywhere in the country, anytime on energy. (applause) I believe your energy speeches have been so patently incoherent that they are indefensible. I'd be glad to meet you at an oil rig somewhere. I'd be glad to meet you at a refinery. I'd be glad to meet you at a gas station. Id' even be willing to go to a university campus, where you'll feel comfortable, (applause) and I would be happy in advance to agree that you can use a teleprompter,***** but by pure luck there was a column over the weekend in the WSJ entitled 'Newt is Right on Gasoline,' and that column actually outlined the case pretty well, but this morning Stephen Moore had something in the WSJ that is so astounding that I wanna beg your indulgence. Now, this is not a standard political speech, but I've never been a standard politician anyway. This is what Stephen Moore wrote: 'In 1995 the US Geological Survey estimated 150 million technically-recoverable barrels of oil from the Bakken shale.' That's ND. 'In April 2008 that number was up to about 4 billion barrels, and in 2012 geologists and Continental Resources, the major drilling operation in ND, put it at 8 billion. This week, given the discovery of a lower shelf of oil, they announced 24 billion barrels of oil are in ND. (applause) Current technology allows for the extraction of only about 6% of the oil trapped 1-2 miles beneath the Earth's surface, so as the technology advances, recoverable oil could eventually exceed 500 billion barrels.' This is ND. There are bigger plays under development now at Eagle Forge Shale in south TX and Wolfcamp Shale in west TX. Now, to give you examples, the Monterey formation in CA may contain 80 billion barrels, *****so let me start with something Washington doesn't want to deal with, and particularly liberals don't want to deal with. The idea of peak energy is a stupid idea. It does not exist. (applause) It is a technologically limited model. It has been the basis of American energy policy for 40 years, and it is wrong."***** 19:27:55 "Now, the President will never learn this for a variety of reasons. One's ideological, the other's his choice. He appointed as the Sec. of Anti-Energy (laughter) Dr. Chu, and Dr. Chu had said before he was appointed his. He's an academic physicist, a research scientist. His commitment was that the US, Americans should pay the same price of gasoline as Europeans. That's $9or $10 a gallon. (boos) Dr. Chu was asked last week what he thought the right price. Was he willing to try to lower the price of gasoline, and he said no, he is not in the business of lowering the price of gasoline. He is in the business of developing replacements for gasoline. He then explained about some breakthrough in battery research, which I suspect, in 15-20 years' time, will be useful, but most of us don't have 15-20 years to fill up our cars. Now, I believe. (applause) o first of all, I believe the lesson of where we are is that we should abolish the Dept. of Energy as a grotesque failure. (applause) So I simply want to start with the premise no more Solyndras, no more boondoggles. (applause) Now let's talk about energy. The President said there are no silver bullets. He's right, but there is a presidential pen. He could sign three documents and change the oil trajectory of the US. First, he could approve the Keystone XL pipeline. (applause) That is 700 thousand barrels a day of Canadian oil coming into Houston, and it opens up and improves delivery of ND oil, delivery of KS, AR, OK, and east TX oil, so it lowers the price of all of them. (applause) In OK they told me it's probably worth $6-$8 a barrel by lowering the cost." 19:30:11 "Second, he could approve the reopening of areas off TX and LA in the Gulf. That's 400 thousand barrels a day. (applause) Third, he could approve designated areas in AK for about a 1.2 million barrels. Now, that means in those three steps we've added 2.3 million barrels a day, over 800 million barrels a year with the US oil supply, and we've kept that amount of money at home to create jobs here, rather than sending it to Saudi Arabia. (applause) Now, the President, in his speeches, has emphasized that drilling is not the answer, and the President offered an answer. Does anyone here know what the answer was? ("Algae") Alright, how many of you knew that the President's answer was algae? Raise your hand. Now, I believe in science and technology, I believe in bio-fuels, I think the research is terrific, and I think someplace down the road, eventually, algae will probably be helpful. I do not think this summer we will be putting algae in your cars. (applause) ****I think I am the one candidate who can win this race because I am the one candidate who understands how to design a very big-choice campaign.**** I worked with Ronald Reagan in '80 and '84 on it. We designed it for George H.W. Bush in '88, when he was down 19 points. He won by six. One out of every five American. One out of every four Americans switched their position between May and November. The 1994 campaign was a very big choice. The 1996 campaign. Even while a moderate was losing the presidency, we were getting reelected to the House for the first time since 1928, so... (applause) So let's take an obvious big choice." *****19:32:09 "I wanna run this fall on the following energy policy: You can elect Pres. Algae and have $10 a barrel, you can elect Pres. Drilling and $2.50 a barrel. You decide which future's better for your family. (applause)***** Now, this is why I wanna debate Obama this fall. If I become your nominee, I will challenge him to seven Lincoln-Douglas-style three-hour debates which a timekeeper but no moderator. (applause) I think the difference is so wide. He believes in the writing of Saul Alinsky. I believe in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the US. (applause) He believes in apologizing to those who are killing our young men and women. I will never apologize to those who are. (applause) *****We need a candidate who is capable, first of all, of running a campaign that eliminates his, Obama's billion-dollar ad campaign, by proving to people. For example, gasoline. You can't buy enough ads to convince the American people that they're not paying too much. (laughter) And that's the kind of campaign you have to run. I watched Ronald Reagan. I worked on the Reagan campaign in '80. I understand how you pick the right fights at the right level, and how you make the choice vivid, but then you also need somebody who can work with the Congress to g et something done. (applause) We are not just in the business of defeating Obama. We are in the business of replacing the bureaucracies, replacing the laws, correcting the judges, and getting back to a country that's on the right track." (applause)***** *****19:34:21 "That requires far more than just having good consultants, negative advertising, and an ability to read somebody's notes. That requires understanding the Constitution, understanding how to take 435 House members and 100 senators and know how to work with the American people, because in order to change Washington, you have to be active as citizens. We can impose change in Washington, but Washington will never voluntarily change itself. (applause)***** So if I become the nominee with your help tomorrow. If I end up as the nominee, I will ask every candidate running on a ticket with me to pledge that they will stay in office on January 3rd, and before I am sworn in on January 20th, they will repeal Obamacare. (applause) They will repeal the Dodd-Frank bill. (applause) They will repeal Sarbanes-Oxley. (applause) And on the very first day of eh new administration I will sign all three of those repeals to clear the slate and focus on getting positive things done to create jobs in America. (applause) And on the first day, about two hours after the inaugural address, I will sign a series of executive orders. The first one will abolish all of the White House czars as of that moment. (applause) We will, in that very first day, move the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, in defense of Israel's right of sovereignty. (applause) We will, on that first day, reinstate Ronald Reagan's Mexico City Policy, and no taxpayer money will be spent on abortion outside the US, period." (applause) 19:36:46 "The Obama administration apologizes to radical Islamist religious fanatics while attacking the Catholic Church and right-to-life institutions in the US. On the very first day I will issue an executive order repealing every anti-religious act of this administration. (applause) And to go back to energy, on the very first day I will sign the pipeline for Canada, and I'm telling the Canadians every day don't cut a deal with China. Help is on the way. We want the pipeline in the US. (applause) I can only do all of these things with your help. ***The primary tomorrow really matters, and your vote really matters, and I hope that you'll decide that having an experienced leader who's actually helped do these things before, and who is capable of taking Obama head-on, is what we need as a party, and more importantly, what we need as a country,*** and I look forward very much to the questions." (applause) 19:38:54 Questions from the panel . ******19:48:41 Question: "That great conservative icon, William F Buckley Jr., once said that we should go to the polls and vote for the most conservative Republican who can win in the election. Can you tell Alabamians why you are that person?" 19:48:54 Gingrich: "Sure." (laughter, applause) Question: "Ok, next question." Gingrich: "Look, I don't wanna be. I mean, I didn't come here to speak ill of anybody, but there are fundamental differences, and if you look at Gov. Romney's ratings when he left MA, if you look at the size of Sen. Santorum's defeat in PA, and then look at what I've done, look at who I've worked with. I helped found and create the GA Republican Party. I worked in the GA GOP when there was no GA GOP.****** I ran for Congress in eth middle of Watergate. I ran for five years to win a Congressional seat. I turned around and took 16 years to create a national majority. I helped design, in 1980, the first Capitol steps event in history, We won six US Senate seats by a combined margin of 75 thousand votes that year, and won the Senate when nobody thought we could. In 1984 I helped design a campaign that set a record, carried 49 states, picked up 33 House seats. 1988, literally, we were behind Dukakis 19 points in May, and we designed a Reagan-style campaign. We didn't try to go to the middle. You know, George H.W. Bush had run as a moderate in 1988, he'd have gotten beaten. In fact, a she ran over here as a Reagan-conservative, promising no new taxes, and standing for national defense, and attacking the kind of MA liberalism that Dukakis represented, and we literally switched 25%of the country, one out of every four Americans during that campaign, switched their view. Now, in 1994, when nobody thought it was possible, we designed a contract campaign in which we went to the American people on a positive basis, just as I would this fall."

INT BROLL PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA DELIVERS REMARKS AT WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE FAIR / HEAD ON Monday, April 22, 2013 TRANSCRIPT: President Barack Obama remarks at the White House Science Fair DC SLUG: 1415 WH SCIENCE STIX RS38 83 / 1415 WH SCIENCE CUTS RS33 84 AR: 16X9 DISC#710 / 711 NYRS: 5114 / 5120 14:20:57 Obama walk out and shakes hands with students on stage PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Thank you, everybody. Please have a seat. Have a seat. 14:21:27 Well, good afternoon, everybody, and welcome to the White House Science Fair, one of my favorite events during the course of the year. And i just had a chance to see some of the outstanding exhibits that have been put forward by some of these amazing young people. And let me just start by saying in my official capacity as president, this stuff's really cool. (Laughter.) And I want to thank these incredible young people for explaining to me what the heck is going on. (Laughter.) Every one of you is enormously talented, obviously, but there's also a community of people who helped all these young people succeed: dedicated teachers who believed in them and -- and challenged them to do even more; all of them have loving parents and mentors and family. So I want to not only give the young people a big round of applause, but all the parents and teachers and principals and everybody who was involved. Give yourselves a big round of applause as well. (Applause.) 14:22:36 Of course, primarily we're here to celebrate these young scientists and visionaries who dream and create and innovate, who ask the question: Why not? Why not try something better, something that's faster, something that helps more people? And that drive, that refusal to give up, that focus on the future is part of what makes America great, and all of you are, you know, participants in this long line of inventors and creators who have made this most dynamic economy in the most dynamic country on earth. And that's one of the things that I've been focused on as president, is how do we create an all hands on deck approach to science, technology, engineering and math. And I'm happy to have so many key members of my science team who are here today, including my Chief Science Adviser John Holdren, who's here, there's John; NIH Director Francis Collins, there's Francis right there, the tall guy; we've got Acting Director of the National Science Foundation Cora Marrett who is here, there's Cora; and we've got real-life astronaut and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. Where's Charlie? There he is right there. 14:24:00 So we need to make this a priority, to train an army of new teachers in this subject areas, and to make sure that all of us as a country are lifting up these subjects for the respect that they deserve. You know, and -- and -- and -- and one of the things I'm concerned about is that, as a culture, you know, we're great consumers of technology, but we're not always properly respecting the people who are in the labs and, you know, behind the scenes, creating the stuff that we now take for granted. And -- and we've got to give the millions of Americans who work in science and technology not only the kind of respect they deserve, but also new ways to engage young people. 14:24:53 So today, I'm proud to announce a new Americorps program that are going to -- (scattered cheers, applause) -- that's our community service director, so -- (laughter) -- she is a little bit biased. (Laughter.) But I like that in her. She's got that kind of get up and go -- a new Americorps program that's going to connect more professional scientists and engineers to young students who might follow in their footsteps. And other people are stepping up, too. Some of America's biggest tech companies are encouraging their workers to mentor young students. You've got media organizations that are working with athletes like outstanding wide receiver Victor Cruz from the New York Giants, who's here, to highlight how critical math and science are to sports. (Applause.) And by the way, since Victor's here -- I don't know, did you see the exhibit about the whole cooling shoulder pads and helmet that these young guys did? And they had a slogan that said, you know, you can succeed in athletics and science. They were very impressive. Had the little Gatorade coming in so you -- (laughter) -- you didn't -- you didn't have to, like, reach for your Gatorade. You could just -- it would automatically transmit itself into your helmet. (Laughter.) It could work. (Laughter.) 14:26:15 We've got nonprofits that are helping to organize 1,000 summer learning events this year. They all realize how important science, technology, engineering and math are to the future. So we are doing this together. And after all, the science fair projects of today could become the products and businesses of tomorrow. Three students: Evan Jackson, Alex Jackson, Caleb Robinson -- those are the folks that I talked about. They're from Flippen Elementary School. Keep in mind, they're in third, fourth grade, and they've already got this idea for COOL PADS so that Victor (sp) doesn't get overheated when he is -- when he's out on the field. But think about that. You know, if -- if you're inventing stuff in the third grade, what are you going to do by the time you get to college? (Laughter.) You know, we -- and we just had the University of Alabama's national championship football team here last week. And I know they're interested in this idea, because it gets really hot down in Alabama. 14:27:31 A lot of these students are working on the next generation of medical research. So listen to this story. When pancreatic cancer took the life of Jack Andraka's close family friend, it inspired Jack to look for new ways to improve detection. So Jack requested space from research labs to pursue his work nearly 200 times. Two hundred times he asked; 200 times he was turned down. Finally, with the help of some folks at Johns Hopkins, he got the research facilities that he needed, developed a pancreatic cancer test that is faster, cheaper and more sensitive than the test that came before it, which is not bad for a guy who is just barely old enough drive. So where -- where's Jack? Where -- where -- there he is. Jack, stand up, because that's pretty spectacular. (Applause.) That's -- (inaudible). I don't know what you guys were doing when you were juniors in high school. (Laughter.) That's what Jack's doing. (Laughter, laughs.) Better than I was doing, I promise you. (Laughter.) 14:28:39 Now, today is not just the -- the third White House Science Fair; it's also the 43rd Earth Day. So I want to give a special shout out to all of the young people who participated who focused their attention on how to harness cleaner forms of energy and how to create more energy efficiency. So we've got young people like Caleb Meyer -- where's Caleb? Caleb's way back there. Stand up, Caleb, so we can see you. He's -- Caleb -- (applause) -- Caleb built a wind turbine that's small and fast enough to be installed on your roof or in your front yard. 14:29:20 We've got Jon Kubricki and Bridget Zarych, who, together with their classmates, designed an inexpensive press that can recycle garbage like banana peels into briquettes as an alternative to using wood for fuel. They're -- they're in eighth grade. I don't know what you were doing in eighth grade. (Laughter.) That's what they're doing -- which could potentially help to reduce, you know, carbon emissions, save trees and deforestation, and reduce the amount of smoke inhalation that has an impact on people. We've got Sara Volz, who's breeding new types of algae. Where's Sara? There's Sara. (Applause.) 14:30:14 Sara is breeding new types of algae. She stores this in a lab in her bedroom. (Laughter.) So, Sara, you have very supportive parents. (Laughter.) As one reporter asked her, exactly what is growing under your bed that's going to save the planet? (Laughter.) And Sara's answer was: Algae that can produce more oil for cheaper biofuels. So by the way, John Kubricki and Bridget Zarych, I didn't have them stand up. I want to acknowledge them. I saw them. Maybe they're still cleaning their hands off from -- oh, there they are. There they are. (Applause.) 14:30:57 So I've got to say, young people like these -- every one of them have these kinds of incredible innovations. Some of them are already fully operational; some of them are getting fine-tuned. But young people like these have to make you hopeful about the future of our country. And it's also a reminder for us, the adults, we've got to do our part. We've got to do everything we can to make sure that we are giving these young people opportunity to pursue their studies and discover new ways of doing things. And we've got to make sure that we're also leaving behind a world that is safer and cleaner and healthier than when we find -- found it. That's our obligation. 14:31:48 And that's why, over the last four years, we've made historic investments in the clean energy future that we need. And today we import less oil than we have in 20 years. Thanks to new fuel economy standards, by the middle of the next decade cars will go twice as far on a gallon of gas. We've doubled the amount of renewable energy that we're generating from sources like wind and solar -- and, by the way, creating tens of thousands of good, American jobs in the process. We're emitting less carbon pollution into the environment than we have in nearly 20 years. But we understand this is not enough. We've got to do better. And that's why we got to pursue an all-of-the-above energy strategy that includes investing in more biofuels and more fuel-efficient vehicles and more solar power and more wind power and more people going back to work building cars and homes and businesses that are more energy-efficient than the ones that we've got right now. 14:32:44 That's why I've proposed new job-creating investments in science and innovation. And -- and all these young people, as young as they are, they're all going to be going to college, and a lot of them are going to want to continue to pursue their research and pursue their dreams. And if there is not the research grant pipeline in place, many of them will not have the resources to invent and discover the things that will make us healthier and make us more energy-efficient and -- and improve the quality of our lives. So this is not the time to gut investments that keep our businesses on the cutting edge; that keep our economy humming; that improve, you know, the quality of our lives. This is the time to -- to reach a -- a level of research and development that we haven't seen since the height of the space race. That's what we should be doing. (Applause.) That's what we should be focused on. (Applause.) 14:33:44 And -- and that should not be a partisan idea. I mean, America's always been about discovery and invention and engineering and science and -- and evidence. That's who we are. That's in our DNA. That's how this country became the greatest, you know, economic power in the history of the world. That's how we were able to provide so many contributions to people all around the world with our scientific and medical and technological discoveries. And that's what these young people are -- here are all about. And if extraordinary young people like all of you can use your talents to shape the future for our families and our communities and our countries, we've got a responsibility to make sure that they've got the tools to do it. 14:34:31 So, I want to thank all the science fair winners not only for the work that you guys are doing but also for the example that you're setting for your peers and also for your adults -- the adults in your lives. We could not be prouder of you, and I want you to keep up your incredible work. And part of the reason that we're doing this here -- you know, we celebrate our great football players like Victor, and we celebrate outstanding musicians and -- and, you know, that's all appropriate. But we've got to make sure that we're also celebrating every single day in our schools, in our classrooms and in our country the outstanding contributions that scientists and engineers, mathematicians and engineers are providing to us every single day. 14:35:24 And we want you to know that you've got a whole country behind you as you pursue your dreams. And your success is going to be our success as well. All right? So, way to go. Thank you. Appreciate it everybody. Thank you very much. (Sustained applause.) 14:35:39 Obama shakes hands with students on stage 14:36:13 Obama walks down to gladhand with audience 14:37:21 Obama exits President Barack Obama has high praise for science projects from some high-achieving students, telling them, "this stuff is really cool." Obama is speaking at a White House science fair, an event the president says is one of his favorites. Today's event marked the third White House science fair and highlighted projects by student winners of science, technology, engineering and math competitions. About 30 student teams were invited to show their projects. Rockets and robots are among the exhibits, as well as a fully functioning prosthetic arm made mostly with parts generated using a 3-D printer. The president says the students make him hopeful about the nation's future. Obama also announced a new national service effort to link AmeriCorps members with nonprofit groups that promote science, technology, engineering and math.

INT BROLL PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA DELIVERS REMARKS AT WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE FAIR / CUTS Monday, April 22, 2013 TRANSCRIPT: President Barack Obama remarks at the White House Science Fair DC SLUG: 1415 WH SCIENCE STIX RS38 83 / 1415 WH SCIENCE CUTS RS33 84 AR: 16X9 DISC#710 / 711 NYRS: 5114 / 5120 14:20:57 Obama walk out and shakes hands with students on stage PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Thank you, everybody. Please have a seat. Have a seat. 14:21:27 Well, good afternoon, everybody, and welcome to the White House Science Fair, one of my favorite events during the course of the year. And i just had a chance to see some of the outstanding exhibits that have been put forward by some of these amazing young people. And let me just start by saying in my official capacity as president, this stuff's really cool. (Laughter.) And I want to thank these incredible young people for explaining to me what the heck is going on. (Laughter.) Every one of you is enormously talented, obviously, but there's also a community of people who helped all these young people succeed: dedicated teachers who believed in them and -- and challenged them to do even more; all of them have loving parents and mentors and family. So I want to not only give the young people a big round of applause, but all the parents and teachers and principals and everybody who was involved. Give yourselves a big round of applause as well. (Applause.) 14:22:36 Of course, primarily we're here to celebrate these young scientists and visionaries who dream and create and innovate, who ask the question: Why not? Why not try something better, something that's faster, something that helps more people? And that drive, that refusal to give up, that focus on the future is part of what makes America great, and all of you are, you know, participants in this long line of inventors and creators who have made this most dynamic economy in the most dynamic country on earth. And that's one of the things that I've been focused on as president, is how do we create an all hands on deck approach to science, technology, engineering and math. And I'm happy to have so many key members of my science team who are here today, including my Chief Science Adviser John Holdren, who's here, there's John; NIH Director Francis Collins, there's Francis right there, the tall guy; we've got Acting Director of the National Science Foundation Cora Marrett who is here, there's Cora; and we've got real-life astronaut and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. Where's Charlie? There he is right there. 14:24:00 So we need to make this a priority, to train an army of new teachers in this subject areas, and to make sure that all of us as a country are lifting up these subjects for the respect that they deserve. You know, and -- and -- and -- and one of the things I'm concerned about is that, as a culture, you know, we're great consumers of technology, but we're not always properly respecting the people who are in the labs and, you know, behind the scenes, creating the stuff that we now take for granted. And -- and we've got to give the millions of Americans who work in science and technology not only the kind of respect they deserve, but also new ways to engage young people. 14:24:53 So today, I'm proud to announce a new Americorps program that are going to -- (scattered cheers, applause) -- that's our community service director, so -- (laughter) -- she is a little bit biased. (Laughter.) But I like that in her. She's got that kind of get up and go -- a new Americorps program that's going to connect more professional scientists and engineers to young students who might follow in their footsteps. And other people are stepping up, too. Some of America's biggest tech companies are encouraging their workers to mentor young students. You've got media organizations that are working with athletes like outstanding wide receiver Victor Cruz from the New York Giants, who's here, to highlight how critical math and science are to sports. (Applause.) And by the way, since Victor's here -- I don't know, did you see the exhibit about the whole cooling shoulder pads and helmet that these young guys did? And they had a slogan that said, you know, you can succeed in athletics and science. They were very impressive. Had the little Gatorade coming in so you -- (laughter) -- you didn't -- you didn't have to, like, reach for your Gatorade. You could just -- it would automatically transmit itself into your helmet. (Laughter.) It could work. (Laughter.) 14:26:15 We've got nonprofits that are helping to organize 1,000 summer learning events this year. They all realize how important science, technology, engineering and math are to the future. So we are doing this together. And after all, the science fair projects of today could become the products and businesses of tomorrow. Three students: Evan Jackson, Alex Jackson, Caleb Robinson -- those are the folks that I talked about. They're from Flippen Elementary School. Keep in mind, they're in third, fourth grade, and they've already got this idea for COOL PADS so that Victor (sp) doesn't get overheated when he is -- when he's out on the field. But think about that. You know, if -- if you're inventing stuff in the third grade, what are you going to do by the time you get to college? (Laughter.) You know, we -- and we just had the University of Alabama's national championship football team here last week. And I know they're interested in this idea, because it gets really hot down in Alabama. 14:27:31 A lot of these students are working on the next generation of medical research. So listen to this story. When pancreatic cancer took the life of Jack Andraka's close family friend, it inspired Jack to look for new ways to improve detection. So Jack requested space from research labs to pursue his work nearly 200 times. Two hundred times he asked; 200 times he was turned down. Finally, with the help of some folks at Johns Hopkins, he got the research facilities that he needed, developed a pancreatic cancer test that is faster, cheaper and more sensitive than the test that came before it, which is not bad for a guy who is just barely old enough drive. So where -- where's Jack? Where -- where -- there he is. Jack, stand up, because that's pretty spectacular. (Applause.) That's -- (inaudible). I don't know what you guys were doing when you were juniors in high school. (Laughter.) That's what Jack's doing. (Laughter, laughs.) Better than I was doing, I promise you. (Laughter.) 14:28:39 Now, today is not just the -- the third White House Science Fair; it's also the 43rd Earth Day. So I want to give a special shout out to all of the young people who participated who focused their attention on how to harness cleaner forms of energy and how to create more energy efficiency. So we've got young people like Caleb Meyer -- where's Caleb? Caleb's way back there. Stand up, Caleb, so we can see you. He's -- Caleb -- (applause) -- Caleb built a wind turbine that's small and fast enough to be installed on your roof or in your front yard. 14:29:20 We've got Jon Kubricki and Bridget Zarych, who, together with their classmates, designed an inexpensive press that can recycle garbage like banana peels into briquettes as an alternative to using wood for fuel. They're -- they're in eighth grade. I don't know what you were doing in eighth grade. (Laughter.) That's what they're doing -- which could potentially help to reduce, you know, carbon emissions, save trees and deforestation, and reduce the amount of smoke inhalation that has an impact on people. We've got Sara Volz, who's breeding new types of algae. Where's Sara? There's Sara. (Applause.) 14:30:14 Sara is breeding new types of algae. She stores this in a lab in her bedroom. (Laughter.) So, Sara, you have very supportive parents. (Laughter.) As one reporter asked her, exactly what is growing under your bed that's going to save the planet? (Laughter.) And Sara's answer was: Algae that can produce more oil for cheaper biofuels. So by the way, John Kubricki and Bridget Zarych, I didn't have them stand up. I want to acknowledge them. I saw them. Maybe they're still cleaning their hands off from -- oh, there they are. There they are. (Applause.) 14:30:57 So I've got to say, young people like these -- every one of them have these kinds of incredible innovations. Some of them are already fully operational; some of them are getting fine-tuned. But young people like these have to make you hopeful about the future of our country. And it's also a reminder for us, the adults, we've got to do our part. We've got to do everything we can to make sure that we are giving these young people opportunity to pursue their studies and discover new ways of doing things. And we've got to make sure that we're also leaving behind a world that is safer and cleaner and healthier than when we find -- found it. That's our obligation. 14:31:48 And that's why, over the last four years, we've made historic investments in the clean energy future that we need. And today we import less oil than we have in 20 years. Thanks to new fuel economy standards, by the middle of the next decade cars will go twice as far on a gallon of gas. We've doubled the amount of renewable energy that we're generating from sources like wind and solar -- and, by the way, creating tens of thousands of good, American jobs in the process. We're emitting less carbon pollution into the environment than we have in nearly 20 years. But we understand this is not enough. We've got to do better. And that's why we got to pursue an all-of-the-above energy strategy that includes investing in more biofuels and more fuel-efficient vehicles and more solar power and more wind power and more people going back to work building cars and homes and businesses that are more energy-efficient than the ones that we've got right now. 14:32:44 That's why I've proposed new job-creating investments in science and innovation. And -- and all these young people, as young as they are, they're all going to be going to college, and a lot of them are going to want to continue to pursue their research and pursue their dreams. And if there is not the research grant pipeline in place, many of them will not have the resources to invent and discover the things that will make us healthier and make us more energy-efficient and -- and improve the quality of our lives. So this is not the time to gut investments that keep our businesses on the cutting edge; that keep our economy humming; that improve, you know, the quality of our lives. This is the time to -- to reach a -- a level of research and development that we haven't seen since the height of the space race. That's what we should be doing. (Applause.) That's what we should be focused on. (Applause.) 14:33:44 And -- and that should not be a partisan idea. I mean, America's always been about discovery and invention and engineering and science and -- and evidence. That's who we are. That's in our DNA. That's how this country became the greatest, you know, economic power in the history of the world. That's how we were able to provide so many contributions to people all around the world with our scientific and medical and technological discoveries. And that's what these young people are -- here are all about. And if extraordinary young people like all of you can use your talents to shape the future for our families and our communities and our countries, we've got a responsibility to make sure that they've got the tools to do it. 14:34:31 So, I want to thank all the science fair winners not only for the work that you guys are doing but also for the example that you're setting for your peers and also for your adults -- the adults in your lives. We could not be prouder of you, and I want you to keep up your incredible work. And part of the reason that we're doing this here -- you know, we celebrate our great football players like Victor, and we celebrate outstanding musicians and -- and, you know, that's all appropriate. But we've got to make sure that we're also celebrating every single day in our schools, in our classrooms and in our country the outstanding contributions that scientists and engineers, mathematicians and engineers are providing to us every single day. 14:35:24 And we want you to know that you've got a whole country behind you as you pursue your dreams. And your success is going to be our success as well. All right? So, way to go. Thank you. Appreciate it everybody. Thank you very much. (Sustained applause.) 14:35:39 Obama shakes hands with students on stage 14:36:13 Obama walks down to gladhand with audience 14:37:21 Obama exits President Barack Obama has high praise for science projects from some high-achieving students, telling them, "this stuff is really cool." Obama is speaking at a White House science fair, an event the president says is one of his favorites. Today's event marked the third White House science fair and highlighted projects by student winners of science, technology, engineering and math competitions. About 30 student teams were invited to show their projects. Rockets and robots are among the exhibits, as well as a fully functioning prosthetic arm made mostly with parts generated using a 3-D printer. The president says the students make him hopeful about the nation's future. Obama also announced a new national service effort to link AmeriCorps members with nonprofit groups that promote science, technology, engineering and math.

ABC NEWS "20/20" Topic: Earth 2100 Interview: Fred Krupp Date: November 17, 2008 Tape Number: 241 (OFF-MIKE) NARRATION 04:00:08 Um, so it's ... speaking of getting so- ... rid of some of the carbon dioxide that's already out there, what, um, what types of things do we already know about that people are trying to help? FRED KRUPP 04:00:20 Photosynthesis is what we know about. And we know that plants can take and do, every day, carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. So by planting more trees, by restoring some of our wetlands, by restoring some of our forests, we can 04:00:37 help, uh, the natural world in many ways and be a net sink(?), a ... a ... a place that soaks carbon dioxide outta the atmosphere. So that ... the first 04:00:55 thing that can help take carbon dioxide outta the atmosphere is biology. Trees, photosynthesis. By planting trees and restoring wetlands and forests, we can take Co2 outta the atmosphere. 04:01:05 The second place is algae. In open ponds or closed systems, we can actually take Co2 outta the atmosphere and then, um, actually use that algae to create fats and oils or even fuels. Um, another way is artificial trees. A Columbia scientist named, uh, Lachner(?) is putting together an artificial tree. Uh, 04:01:32 right now it's too expensive, but over time, with the right incentives, he may be able to basically create a machine that takes Co2 out of the atmosphere and, um, makes sugar artificially. NARRATION 04:01:46 What about rocks? Wasn't there something recently about rocks, uh, sponges that are taking Co2 out as well? Or no? FRED KRUPP 04:01:54 I haven't heard that one. (LAUGHTER) NARRATION 04:01:56 Okay. Um ... let's see, funds. Where should funds be coming from (Overlap)? FRED KRUPP 04:02:03 Well, the ... the government's got a role to play in funding some research and development. Just like in the health care field. But the bulk of the money we're gonna need in the energy arena is gonna have to be private funds. And we can have a massive influx of private capital once companies see that the rules are changing. That the government is serious 04:02:25 and is gonna implement a declining cap on global warming pollution, that creates space for entrepreneurs to come in and private capital to come in and create the machines to create clean energy or other ways to reduce global warming pollution. NARRATION 04:02:41 Um, wave energy. There are probably specific places where it's better? Where would that be, and how does it work. FRED KRUPP 04:02:51 Well, we have both ... um ... wave energy and tidal energy. And for ... wave energy is better in the place where you have big waves, so not on Long Island Sound, but yes, um, off the coast of ... of Europe or off the coast ... the West Coast of the 04:03:08 United States. Um, some 'a the machines are incredibly, um, ingenious. Uh, there's ... uh ... in Ireland, a machine that, uh, basically the waves crash against a diaphragm which goes in and out, and that moves a turbine that creates electricity. 04:03:27 Um, tidal energy, um, there are bays where the water flows out and the water flow out. And so you can harness that inflow and outflow just like we have traditionally done with dams for years. NARRATION 04:03:42 And then that would then go into the grid and be dispersed where it needed to go? FRED KRUPP 04:03:47 Yes, uh, the ... both waves and tides create tremendous force which can be turned into electricity and be thrown back into the grid to power our cities. NARRATION 04:04:00 Um, wind. Where are the best places for wind farms? FRED KRUPP 04:04:08 Uh, there's many places. The United States is, uh, the Saudi Arabia of wind power. There's many places that are very windy here in the Pacific Northwest, in California, um, in the Rocky Mountains, in the Great Plains. Um, in the Northeast, uh, we have many locations w- ... that 04:04:28 are ideally suited to, um, generating electricity from the winds. And wind turbines have become much cheaper and more efficient, um, in recent years. So wind power can be a big source of energy for the United States. NARRATION 04:04:44 Um, and then are some of these also ... different types of energies creating new jobs for people as well? I mean, wouldn't they need people to put the wind turbines together and to ... you know, is that (Overlap)? FRED KRUPP 04:04:56 Each ... each wind turbine has 8,000 parts. And many 'a these parts are made right here in the United States. So we've looked at the supply chain for many 'a the new technologies and found, um, just thousands of jobs are being created. A 44- 04:05:20 megawatt wind farm, kind of an average-sized wind farm, um, uses thousands of tons of steel, uh, tens of thousands of tons of concrete, which can be locally made and provide tremendous numbers of new jobs. Um ... there's, uh ... many examples 04:05:45 now of factories that have gone out of business and then come back to life as employees have been employed to create, um, wind turbines and other renewable energy, um, equipment. NARRATION 04:06:01 What about biofuels? What kinds of, uh, new innovations have, uh, come into that field? FRED KRUPP 04:06:08 The biggest breakthrough in biofuels is, instead of using food, using wood waste, straw, wheat straw, rice straw, bagas(?), the leftover fiber from sugar cane. And we can break down that cellulose into its component sugars. And when we digest that 04:06:29 into fuel, um, it's a win-win. (OFF-MIKE) NARRATION 04:07:09 Okay, tell me about what Sean(?) just mentioned. (LAUGHTER) FRED KRUPP 04:07:13 One reason a climate bill can help jumpstart the American economy is there could be as much as $150 billion of new revenues from auctioning off carbon permits to the polluting industries. And that revenue can be used to create the new energy infrastructure we need that'll be cleaner, and the 04:07:34 new jobs that we need. Um ... what was the (Overlap)? (OFF-MIKE) FRED KRUPP 04:07:45 President Obama has proposed to create five million new jobs in the clean energy field. And, uh, it's very clear that tackling global warming and putting Americans back to work are two halves of the same coin. NARRATION 04:08:06 Uh ... (OFF-MIKE) FRED KRUPP 04:08:21 Um ... President Obama has pledged to create five million new clean energy jobs. So it turns out that tackling global warming and putting Americans back to work are two sides of the same coin. (Laughs) NARRATION 04:08:38 (Laughs) Don't play poker. Um ... okay. (Inaudible) solar, wind. What should we be doing? Is there anything that we ... okay, so we should probably all be driving hybrids, or electric cars, if we can. Uh, but what types of things should, you know, like individuals be doing in order to help the 04:09:01 situation? In their homes. In their cars. In, you know. FRED KRUPP 04:09:07 Um ... the biggest thing people can do is weatherize their homes. Double p- ... (Laughs). It turns out the biggest things people can do are weatherizing their homes and apartments. Double-pane windows, uh, extra insulation. In terms of driving, moving to a highly efficient car that gets more miles 04:09:36 per gallon, whether it's hybrid or just another fuel-efficient technology. Taking less plane trips is another thing people can do that turns out to be huge in terms of one's carbon footprint. NARRATION 04:09:50 Yeah, what is gonna happen with the airline industry? FRED KRUPP 04:09:54 I think over time, um, planes will become more and more fuel-efficient. They'll go more passenger miles per every gallon of jet fuel. But also, the airline industry will be an example of an industry that will also need to, um, offset their contribution by funding reforestation projects, or by funding keeping places like the Brazilian rainforest intact, 04:10:19 and avoiding the emissions that would otherwise come from burning them down. It's not well-known, but 20 percent of our current annual emissions come from burning our tropical forests. So one 'a the biggest, quickest reductions we could 04:10:38 get in greenhouse gases is just by stop doing that. Uh, and in ... in a carbon cap and trade system, we can actually pay to reduce deforestation in a way that lowers emissions, um, and get some very cost-effective reductions. NARRATION 04:10:53 Um, can you tell me in a nutshell the story of the, um ... I think it was the Brazilian man in the ... with the rubber trees? FRED KRUPP 04:11:02 Herculino(?). NARRATION 04:11:03 Yeah, yeah, yeah. FRED KRUPP 04:11:04 Yeah. Herculino, um, Herculino found that, um, people were coming in to colonize the rainforest and throwing him off his land. We helped Herculino stay on his land. And as a result, he teamed up with the rubber tappers and other local Brazilian groups to propose a whole system that would 04:11:27 compensate countries if they lower their deforestation rate. And this is, um ... can be a very important part of the future if we find the economically smart ways to pay to reduce carbon emissions by lowering deforestation, in the whole nation of Brazil, the whole nation of Indonesia. NARRATION 04:11:52 Um, getting back to my negative side, with the climate change that's headed, are there ways that ... are there things that we can do to prepare for that, to make it ... less of an issue? Well, I mean, okay, we talked about, uh, getting rid of the carbon 04:12:08 dioxide. Maybe that's it. Is that we need to do more of that. (OFF-MIKE) NARRATION 04:12:23 Like I'm just wondering, should people be moving out of different areas, should you be s- ... you know. (Overlap) Are there other things that we could build up? (OFF-MIKE/PLANE) (CUT) (OFF-MIKE) NARRATION 04:12:58 Okay. FRED KRUPP 04:12:59 In some ... as the world heats up, we will have to build higher sea walls in some (Overlap) ... (OFF-MIKE/B ROLL) FRED KRUPP 04:13:30 As the world warms, there will be some cities that need to build sea walls and some properties that need to be protected with higher physical barriers. The other thing we will need to do, though, is recognize that our natural systems need to be more resilient to protect us. Wetlands around New 04:13:52 Orleans can be restored, and the restoration of those wetlands can cut the force of a hurricane as it comes onshore. NARRATION 04:13:58 Oh, that's a good point. What about water? How are we making sure that we have enough water to get us through the century? FRED KRUPP 04:14:06 Um ... we're gonna have to use water much more efficiently. We're gonna have to cut down drastically on the inefficient uses of water. Why? In California alone, the projections are that there will be much less snow pack. The snow serves as a reservoir for the water. Without snow pack, the reservoirs won't be big enough to catch all the 04:14:32 water that comes from the sky. So, uh, we will have to build bigger reservoirs in California at a massive cost to compensate for the fact that snow pack could decrease by two-thirds in the next century. NARRATION 04:14:50 That's California; what about the rest of the country? FRED KRUPP 04:14:51 Um ... NARRATION 04:14:52 Or the world. FRED KRUPP 04:14:55 The ... global warming is gonna change rainfall patterns and the snow pack, which is such an important reservoir for water. So our whole water infrastructure is gonna have to be remade in order to adapt to a very quickly changing world. NARRATION 04:15:17 What are your favorite innovations that you've discovered through writing the book? FRED KRUPP 04:15:22 There's, uh ... there's really so many. Um, an abundance of alternatives. Uh ... I think the idea that yeast can turn sugar into gasoline or jet fuel or diesel fuel is pretty neat. And the fact that, uh, we may be able to do it at less than $2 a gallon and make America more independent of foreign sources 04:15:54 of oil, I think is great. The ability of algae to filter the carbon dioxide out of an industrial smokestack and then we can turn that algae into motor fuels, I think that's pretty amazing. Now it's not clear if we can do that yet at competitive cost. The biggest problem is the algae grow too fast and we have to 04:16:21 ... you know, get that growth under control. But if the entrepreneurs can figure out how to do that, that's a really marvelous innovation. Um ... (OFF-MIKE/B ROLL) FRED KRUPP 04:16:51 I think, uh, Conrad Burke from InnovaLight, who's figured out how to make solar cells into a paint and just paint it onto almost any surface, wow! If we could paint solar cells onto our roofs and just harvest electricity from our roofs, would dramatically cut the cost of photovoltaic energy. 04:17:14 That is a pretty neat innovation. NARRATION 04:17:15 How far away is that from actually being, you know, available for us to use? FRED KRUPP 04:17:19 Conrad told me that we're within maybe a year of him being able to put this paint onto roofing materials. Um, which is pretty close. NARRATION 04:17:31 Um, cars, what about automobiles? FRED KRUPP 04:17:34 I think the innovations in battery technologies are the most important thing in cars, because if we can store a lot more electricity in a smaller space, suddenly cars could go electric and be powered by sunlight. Or wave energy or geothermal energy. Um, and we're making vast progress on batteries. 04:17:56 We have an MIT scientist, uh, Andrew Belcher(?), who's figured out how to get viruses to line themselves up into, uh, a new form of highly efficient, um, energy-packed battery. We're making vast progress on ... with EMI(?) on batteries, putting 04:18:15 more density of power into a smaller and smaller space. Um, and when we have more, um, capacity to store electricity in batteries, I mean, im- ... imagine that when the, um, winds are going at two a.m., it's storing electricity into the car batteries. The cars can travel around the city and if they happen to be parked at two p.m. and they want to sell 'a that energy back to the grid when air conditioners are going in buildings, the cars serve as 04:18:49 a distributed storage mechanism for all these renewable sources of energy on the grid. NARRATION 04:18:54 And then do you imagine that they'll also all be talking to each other, all of these different, um ...? FRED KRUPP 04:19:00 We will need to have a smarter grid to integrate the intermittent sources of renewable energy, um, with the grid. So the sun shines in a pretty predictable way, it turns out, exactly when we need a lot of electricity. But many times the wind blows in the middle of the night or at other times in an intermittent way. So we'll need a smart grid and a 04:19:22 variety of different sources of renewable energy in order to, um, power all of our, um, needs. NARRATION 04:19:33 How much of an adjustment are we going to have to make with our lifestyles? FRED KRUPP 04:19:37 I don't think people are gonna have to make a big adjustment in ... in our lifestyle. I think when we get the incentives right, the technologies will make the adjustment. And we should be able to lead, um, very happy, robust lives with somewhat less waste and wasteful uses of energy, but we won't really notice that. If anything, we'll notice the air is 04:20:00 cleaner, and we're moving around easier because everything's gotten more efficient. NARRATION 04:20:06 Ooh, what about telecommunications? Any ... future there? FRED KRUPP 04:20:12 Well, um, you know, we're learning how to power, um ... we're learning how to run our networks of telecommunications in a much more energy-efficient way. So I think we'll just be using less energy. And the telecommunications network will also help 04:20:35 us, um, move energy around in a way that's clean and efficient. NARRATION 04:20:40 Excuse me. Uh, what do you ... there are a couple of different styles of automobiles that you mentioned in the book. What are your favorite ones, and why? FRED KRUPP 04:20:51 Styles of (Overlap) ... NARRATION 04:20:53 The Tesla-Rhodes(?) (Overlap) ... FRED KRUPP The Tesla, yeah. NARRATION 04:20:54 ... Terra(?). FRED KRUPP 04:20:55 Yeah, um ... I am most excited about, um, the low cost mass-produced electric cars. Because, um, the t- ... Tesla and some other cars that are very expensive are gonna be out of the reach of most folks. But if, um, if the Volt(?) happens, um, a low-cost GM product, that would be terrific. NARRATION 04:21:24 That's a good question, if the Volt happens, right? Or if it's gonna be (Overlap) ... FRED KRUPP 04:21:28 If GM (Overlap) ... NARRATION 04:21:29 ... who is it, Honda or Toyota, something, already has something that sounds even better than the ... the Chevy Volt. FRED KRUPP 04:21:35 The Volt is pretty neat. Actually it's the one good thing GM is doing. If they get a bunch of government money, I hope part of the collateral is that, should GM ever go belly-up, the Volt technology becomes publicly available. NARRATION 04:21:50 Yeah, how are the U.S. auto makers ... bearing through all this? FRED KRUPP 04:21:55 The U.S. auto makers weren't, uh, managed with an eye toward a time when people were gonna actually want more efficient cars. And so, um, they're in big trouble. It's a very sad ... NARRATION 04:22:09 They'll all be changing over to wind turbine manufacturing. FRED KRUPP 04:22:14 (Laughs) NARRATION 04:22:15 I was just ... I was just reading one of the ... I can't remember who it was, but one in France(?) now is changing over to wind turbine. FRED KRUPP 04:22:19 Yes. NARRATION 04:22:20 Which is great for these guys, 'cause at least now they have ... FRED KRUPP 04:22:22 And there's a Maytog (sic) ... Maytag plant that's also changing over (Overlap). NARRATION 04:22:24 But that's still an item, it was in the Times, right? FRED KRUPP 04:22:26 Yeah. NARRATION 04:22:27 And that was the one I was thinking of, it was Maytag. Um ... FRED KRUPP 04:22:31 Actually we can send you a bunch of examples like that, if that's useful, uh, given your schedule, maybe you'd be able to use them. We sh- ... could you? NARRATION 04:22:37 Sure. Yeah. (OFF-MIKE) FRED KRUPP 04:22:42 Of factories in the Midwest that are changing over to renewable energy, where ... NARRATION 04:22:45 That would be great. FRED KRUPP 04:22:47 ... confidentially, um, Obama's asked for the same list, and he's gonna go visit some ... uh, at least one, so. NARRATION 04:22:53 Oh, nice. FRED KRUPP 04:22:54 Can you remind me, Sean? (OFF-MIKE) FRED KRUPP 04:23:08 Yeah, we B-roll of InnovaLight, we have B-roll of Amaris(?). NARRATION 04:23:10 Oh, that would be terrific. FRED KRUPP 04:23:11 The gasoline, yeah. NARRATION 04:23:13 Oh, great, okay. Um ... I think that covers it for what I was thinking. Is there something ... is there anything that I've missed? Uh ... (OFF-MIKE) NARRATION 04:23:55 I'll take the option, if you can give it to me, yeah. FRED KRUPP 04:24:00 Challenge! (Laughs) I ... I probably can't, we should just quit. (CUT) (OFF-MIKE) FRED KRUPP 04:24:08 President O- ... President Obama's commitment to five million new clean jobs, combined with the ability of a cap and trade system, to give us $150 believe in new revenue a year, means that new climate legislation can help kick start the American 04:24:31 economy. NARRATION 04:24:34 Oh my god, I am so glad you did that. That was perfect, that was really great. (OFF-MIKE/B ROLL) 04:24:54 (ROOM TONE STARTS) 04:25:13 (ROOM TONE ENDS) (END OF TAPE)